India has been UNICEF’s largest vaccine supplier for the past six to seven years, contributing 55% to 60% of total volume procured contributing 99%, 52% and 45% of the WHO demand for DPT, BCG and the measles vaccines, respectively.

India’s emergence as the “Pharmacy of the World” is not a coincidence but a well-orchestrated outcome of strategic policy reforms, industrial encouragement, and a robust regulatory environment under the Make in India initiative. Spearheaded by the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, this initiative has significantly reshaped the Indian pharmaceutical and medical devices industry—propelling it toward self-reliance, innovation, and global competitiveness.

The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes, introduced under the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, have emerged as transformative policy instruments to enhance India’s manufacturing ecosystem, reduce import dependency, and project India as a globally competitive manufacturing hub. Launched in 2020 across multiple sectors, these schemes specifically designed for pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and critical drug intermediates have reinvigorated domestic industries, catalyzed foreign and domestic investment, and promoted high-value innovation.

India’s Growing Global Footprint in Pharmaceuticals

Make in India Boost to Medical Devices Sector

The medical devices industry, a critical pillar of the healthcare ecosystem, has experienced a significant transformation and rapid growth under the progressive policy framework of the Modi government. Recognizing the sector’s pivotal role in ensuring quality healthcare delivery—from early diagnosis to advanced treatment—the government has actively encouraged domestic manufacturing, technology adoption, and foreign investments. This comprehensive support has helped shift the industry from being import-dependent to becoming increasingly self-reliant and globally competitive.

Between April and December 2024 alone, the sector attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) worth ₹11,888 crore, reflecting growing international confidence in India’s meditech landscape. The Department of Pharmaceuticals, operating under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, has played a facilitative role in reviewing and approving investment proposals that align with national priorities. As part of this effort, 13 FDI proposals amounting to ₹7,246 crore were approved in brownfield projects during the same period, reinforcing the government’s commitment to revitalizing existing facilities and upgrading them to meet global standards.

Beyond capital inflow, there has been a concerted push to strengthen indigenous capabilities in the manufacturing of high-end and critical medical equipment. Indian manufacturers, supported by schemes like the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) for medical devices, have expanded production capacities in key segments such as radiology equipment, cancer diagnostics, imaging solutions, and implantable devices. This strategic development not only enhances access to cutting-edge medical technologies within the country but also positions India as a viable alternative to traditional global suppliers.

Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes: Game-Changers

The PLI Scheme for Pharmaceuticals, approved by the Union Cabinet in 2021 with a substantial financial outlay of ₹15,000 crore, is a bold initiative to incentivize domestic manufacturers to expand production of high-value pharmaceutical products. Spanning from FY 2022–23 to FY 2027–28, the scheme provides performance-linked financial incentives to 55 selected companies, chosen for their capability to produce globally competitive pharmaceutical products.

This scheme strategically focuses on three product categories, including biopharmaceuticals, complex generics, anti-cancer drugs, autoimmune medications, and repurposed drugs—areas with high export potential and clinical significance. By encouraging domestic production in these critical areas, the government aims not only to improve India’s self-reliance in pharmaceutical innovation but also to boost exports to regulated markets such as the US, EU, and Japan. The scheme further promotes the development of a robust R&D ecosystem, reduces India’s dependence on imports for high-value formulations, and enhances long-term competitiveness in the global pharma market.

PLI Scheme for Key Starting Materials (KSMs), Drug Intermediates (DIs), and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)

Recognizing India’s historic overdependence on imports, particularly from China, for key raw materials used in drug manufacturing, the government launched the PLI Scheme for KSMs, DIs, and APIs in 2020 with an outlay of ₹6,940 crore. This initiative, covering the period from FY 2020–21 to FY 2029–30, focuses on encouraging the domestic production of 41 essential bulk drugs, which form the backbone of India’s pharmaceutical manufacturing.

The scheme has delivered commendable results. As of December 2024, the actual investment realized under the scheme stood at ₹4,253.92 crore, surpassing the initial commitment of ₹3,938 crore—demonstrating the industry’s overwhelming response and trust in the government’s vision. A total of 34 projects have been commissioned, covering 25 critical bulk drugs, which are now being manufactured domestically.

Among the most significant projects are the Penicillin G project in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, with an investment of ₹1,910 crore, expected to substitute imports worth ₹2,700 crore annually, and the Clavulanic Acid project in Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh, involving ₹450 crore of investment, expected to offset imports worth ₹600 crore per annum. These projects not only reduce India’s strategic vulnerabilities but also create a dependable domestic value chain in pharmaceuticals.

PLI Scheme for Medical Devices

The PLI Scheme for Medical Devices, launched in FY 2020-21 with a total outlay of ₹3,420 crore, addresses another critical segment of India’s healthcare sector. Until recently, India imported nearly 85% of its high-end medical equipment, posing both economic and strategic challenges. This scheme targets this imbalance by providing manufacturers with 5% incentive on incremental sales of eligible medical devices produced domestically.

The scheme covers advanced product segments such as radiology and imaging equipment, cancer care and radiotherapy devices, anesthetics and cardio-respiratory medical devices, and implants. Structured across two applicant categories, the incentive structure is designed to support both established and emerging players:

• Category A: Up to ₹121 crore per applicant over five years
• Category B: Up to ₹40 crore per applicant over five years

The scheme has already begun catalyzing the domestic production of complex and high-value devices, thereby reducing dependence on imports and creating a globally competitive meditech manufacturing ecosystem. Additionally, it strengthens ancillary industries and fosters skill development among healthcare professionals and biomedical engineers.

Promotion of Bulk Drug Parks

To further bring down manufacturing costs and fortify India’s pharmaceutical supply chains, the Government of India launched the Bulk Drug Parks Scheme in 2020 with a total financial outlay of ₹3,000 crore. This forward-looking initiative aims to create specialized industrial clusters equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure, facilitating the large-scale production of bulk drugs, also known as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), which are essential components in drug formulation.

Under the scheme, three states—Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh—have been approved for the establishment of bulk drug parks. Each park is eligible to receive financial assistance of up to ₹1,000 crore, with the government covering up to 70% of the project cost in general states and up to 90% in Northeastern and hilly states. This high level of support ensures that manufacturers can access shared facilities such as common effluent treatment plants, solvent recovery units, captive power plants, warehousing, and testing labs—thereby dramatically reducing production costs and improving operational efficiency.

These parks are designed not just as production zones but as innovation-driven, cost-efficient ecosystems, promoting collaborative manufacturing and economies of scale. By consolidating production in well-equipped clusters, the scheme is expected to significantly reduce India’s import dependency for critical APIs, many of which were historically sourced from countries like China. In line with the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat visions, the Bulk Drug Parks will play a pivotal role in building a resilient and self-reliant pharmaceutical supply chain, making India a globally dependable source of essential bulk drugs.

Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP)

A shining example of inclusive and people-centric health policy, the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) has transformed access to affordable healthcare across India. Anchored in the principle that quality medicines should not be a luxury but a right, the initiative ensures the widespread availability of quality-assured generic medicines at significantly lower prices compared to branded equivalents. As of April 8, 2025, the reach of this initiative has expanded remarkably, with over 15,479 Jan Aushadhi Kendras established across the country, spanning urban centers to the remotest corners of rural India.

The PMBJP operates with a multi-pronged strategy aimed at creating a sustainable and accessible healthcare ecosystem. One of its key pillars is public awareness—actively dispelling misconceptions around generic medicines and educating citizens that lower cost does not imply lower quality. The scheme also focuses on transforming prescribing behavior by encouraging doctors and healthcare providers, particularly in government hospitals and dispensaries, to recommend affordable generic alternatives without compromising therapeutic efficacy.

Equally significant is the scheme’s focus on last-mile delivery. Through its vast network of Jan Aushadhi Kendras, it ensures the timely availability of essential medicines even in underserved and remote regions, where access to healthcare remains a challenge. These Kendras are not just retail outlets but symbols of health equity, offering more than 1,800 types of drugs and surgical products at affordable prices.

Under the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, PMBJP stands as a powerful testament to the government’s commitment to inclusive growth, health equity, and social justice. By bridging the affordability gap and promoting rational drug use, the scheme has not only lightened the financial burden on millions of families but has also strengthened public trust in India’s healthcare system.

SPI Scheme & Rising Innovation and R&D Capabilities

The Strengthening of Pharmaceuticals Industry (SPI) Scheme is a critical component of the Government of India’s broader strategy to enhance the resilience, innovation, and global competitiveness of the pharmaceutical sector. With an outlay of ₹500 crore for the period FY 2021–22 to FY 2025–26, the scheme provides targeted support to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that form the backbone of India’s pharma manufacturing landscape. Through capacity-building initiatives, regulatory system upgrades, and the development of common testing and training facilities, the SPI Scheme aims to uplift the entire pharma value chain by fostering quality, compliance, and sustainable manufacturing practices.

One of the key objectives of the SPI Scheme is to facilitate technological modernization and regulatory harmonization, especially for SMEs that often lack the infrastructure to meet evolving global standards. By funding common facilities and offering technical assistance, the scheme promotes a shared innovation environment where smaller players can thrive alongside larger pharmaceutical giants. This approach ensures a more inclusive industrial ecosystem, aligned with the Make in India vision of empowering domestic industries at all levels.

In tandem with these capacity-building efforts, India’s pharmaceutical sector is undergoing a dynamic transformation in research and innovation, supported by bold and forward-thinking policies of the Modi government. India is no longer seen merely as a manufacturer of low-cost generics but is increasingly positioning itself as a hub for biopharma innovation and advanced healthcare technologies. The rise of biopharmaceutical startups has been particularly notable, with many leveraging indigenous talent and global collaborations to create cutting-edge solutions for both domestic and international markets.

Further bolstering this innovation ecosystem is the integration of digital health tools, which is transforming healthcare delivery, data management, and patient outcomes. In parallel, the development of a more robust clinical trial infrastructure is attracting global pharmaceutical companies to conduct trials in India, given the regulatory clarity, scientific talent, and cost advantages the country offers.

Crucially, India’s collaboration with leading international health agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and GAVI has not only elevated its role as a global public health contributor but also opened new avenues for technology transfer, quality benchmarking, and joint research. These engagements underscore the growing confidence in India’s scientific and regulatory capabilities.

Under the expansive umbrella of Make in India, the nation is transitioning from being a volume-centric producer to a value-driven innovator. The government’s emphasis on R&D, coupled with supportive infrastructure and international cooperation, is redefining India’s pharmaceutical identity—from a generic manufacturer to a global leader in drug discovery, biosciences, and healthcare innovation. This evolution marks a significant leap forward in realizing the vision of Viksit Bharat, powered by self-reliant and future-ready pharma capabilities.

A Visionary Leap Toward Viksit Bharat

The transformation of India’s pharmaceutical sector under the Make in India initiative is a landmark achievement in self-reliance, health security, and global outreach. With focused schemes like PLI, Bulk Drug Parks, and PMBJP, the Modi government has empowered India to emerge as a trusted global health partner, delivering high-quality medicines and devices at scale and speed.

As India moves toward Viksit Bharat@2047, the pharmaceutical and medical devices sectors will serve as pillars of growth, innovation, and diplomacy—proving that Make in India is not just a slogan, but a global strategy reshaping the future of health.

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PM-PRANAM which promotes chemical-free farming using indigenous techniques like cow-based farming, composting, and bio-inputs. This initiative also complements PM-KISAN, which provides direct income support of ₹6,000 per year to small and marginal farmers.

The PM Programme for Restoration, Awareness Generation, Nourishment, and Amelioration of Mother-Earth (PM-PRANAM) is a visionary initiative launched by the Narendra Modi government to preserve soil health, promote sustainable agriculture, and reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers. Approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on June 28, 2023, the program is designed to encourage balanced fertilizer use, adoption of organic alternatives, and resource conservation technologies, ensuring a greener and healthier future for India.

Key Objectives of PM-PRANAM

PM-PRANAM seeks to address multiple challenges in Indian agriculture, focusing on:

Reduction in Chemical Fertilizer Consumption

14 states have collectively reduced their chemical fertilizer usage by 15.14 LMT (Lakh Metric Tonnes) in FY 2023-24 when compared to the average consumption over the previous three financial years. This reduction is crucial as excessive chemical fertilizer use leads to soil degradation, groundwater contamination, and environmental hazards. By shifting towards organic and bio-fertilizers, farmers can maintain soil fertility while reducing long-term dependence on chemical inputs.

Incentive-Based Approach for States

To encourage participation, the Modi government has introduced a financial incentive mechanism. States receive 50% of the subsidy amount saved due to reduced fertilizer consumption, which can be reinvested into agriculture, organic farming initiatives, and farmer welfare programs. This creates a win-win situation—reducing the financial burden on the government (by cutting fertilizer subsidies) while motivating states to adopt sustainable agricultural practices.

Alignment with Other Key Agricultural Policies

National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): PM-PRANAM works in tandem with NMNF, which promotes chemical-free farming using indigenous techniques like cow-based farming, composting, and bio-inputs. PM-KISAN: The initiative also complements PM-KISAN, which provides direct income support of ₹6,000 per year to small and marginal farmers. Other Farmer-Centric Policies: The program aligns with Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) and Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), both of which promote organic farming practices.

Impact and Achievements

Since its launch, PM-PRANAM has already started delivering significant results:

• 14 states have reduced chemical fertilizer consumption by 15.14 LMT (Lakh Metric Tonnes) in FY 2023-24 compared to the previous three-year average.
• States receive 50% of the fertilizer subsidy saved as an incentive, encouraging further participation in sustainable agricultural practices.
• The initiative supports the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) and aligns with PM-KISAN and other farmer-centric policies.

The Growing Shift Towards Sustainable Agriculture

The Modi government has been actively promoting organic and natural farming through initiatives such as:

1. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) – Encouraging Traditional Organic Farming

Launched: 2015 under the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
Objective: Promote cluster-based organic farming, reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers, and enhance soil health.
Implementation:

• Farmers are organized into clusters (20-hectare units) to adopt organic farming practices.
• Financial assistance of ₹50,000 per hectare for a 3-year period to cover organic inputs like bio-fertilizers, compost, and certification.
• Encourages local marketing of organic produce through direct farmer-consumer linkages.

Impact:

• Over 30 lakh hectares of farmland brought under organic farming.
• Strengthened the Organic Certification System, helping Indian farmers access export markets.

2. Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati (BPKP) – Supporting Chemical-Free Farming

Launched: 2020 under the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)
Objective: Promote zero-budget natural farming (ZBNF) using indigenous techniques to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Key Features:

• Encourages use of cow dung, cow urine, compost, and natural bio-stimulants for soil enrichment.
• No external chemical inputs—ensures sustainable and low-cost farming.
• Focus on resource conservation technologies (such as water-efficient irrigation and crop rotation).

Impact:

• Implemented in 8 states, covering over 4 lakh hectares.
• Reduced input costs, improved farmer incomes, and enhanced climate resilience.

3. Nano Urea Introduction – A Revolutionary Step to Reduce Dependency on Conventional Urea

Launched by: Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) in 2021
Objective: Provide an efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative to conventional urea.
How It Works:

• Liquid Nano Urea (LNU) is sprayed directly on leaves, allowing better nitrogen absorption compared to granular urea.
• A 500ml bottle of Nano Urea replaces a 50kg bag of traditional urea, reducing wastage and pollution.

Benefits:

• Improves nutrient efficiency by 80% compared to conventional urea.
• Reduces input costs for farmers, as Nano Urea is cheaper and requires lower quantities per acre.
• Cuts nitrogen pollution, preventing groundwater contamination and soil degradation.

Impact:

• Over 5 crore Nano Urea bottles sold, replacing nearly 25 million tonnes of conventional urea.
• Exported to 25+ countries, positioning India as a global leader in agri-innovation.

According to government reports:

• Over 4 lakh hectares of land have been brought under organic farming.
• More than 30 lakh farmers have adopted natural farming methods.
• The adoption of bio-fertilizers has led to an estimated 20% reduction in soil degradation.

Economic and Environmental Benefits

The economic and environmental benefits of PM-PRANAM are far-reaching:

• Reduces import dependency on costly fertilizers, saving forex reserves.
• Enhances soil fertility and biodiversity, improving long-term productivity.
• Mitigates groundwater contamination caused by excessive chemical fertilizer use.
• Boosts income for farmers practicing organic farming by providing premium market opportunities.

The Road Ahead

While PM-PRANAM has made remarkable strides, challenges remain, particularly in states like Rajasthan, which has not yet achieved a reduction in chemical fertilizer use. The government aims to:

• Expand farmer awareness programs on sustainable farming techniques.
• Encourage private sector participation in the organic fertilizer market.
• Increase research and innovation in bio-fertilizers and sustainable agriculture technologies.

PM-PRANAM is a pioneering initiative that reflects Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s commitment to sustainable and environmentally responsible agriculture. By reducing chemical fertilizer dependence, promoting organic alternatives, and rewarding responsible states, the program is shaping India’s agricultural future. With continued efforts and greater participation, India is on track to becoming a global leader in sustainable farming, aligning with the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.

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The AI-driven chatbot ‘Kisan e-Mitra’ is a multilingual chatbot addresses over 20,000 queries daily and has resolved 92 lakh queries to date, making government support more accessible and farmer-friendly.

Agriculture remains the backbone of India’s economy, supporting nearly 60% of the population. However, the sector faces persistent challenges such as unpredictable weather patterns, pest infestations, declining soil fertility, and inefficient supply chain mechanisms. Recognizing these issues, the Narendra Modi government has leveraged Artificial Intelligence (AI) to introduce groundbreaking solutions that enhance productivity, reduce losses, and empower farmers. AI-driven initiatives, coupled with digital transformation, have positioned India as a global leader in agricultural innovation.

AI Initiatives in Indian Agriculture

The Modi government has integrated AI into various agricultural processes to improve efficiency and ensure sustainable farming. Some of the most impactful initiatives include:

1. Kisan e-Mitra: AI-Powered Chatbot for Farmers

The AI-driven chatbot ‘Kisan e-Mitra’ was launched to provide real-time assistance to farmers regarding government schemes, especially PM Kisan Samman Nidhi. This multilingual chatbot addresses over 20,000 queries daily and has resolved 92 lakh queries to date, making government support more accessible and farmer-friendly.

2. National Pest Surveillance System (NPSS)

AI and Machine Learning (ML) have been deployed through NPSS to tackle pest infestations, a major cause of crop loss. Farmers and extension workers can upload images of pests, and AI models analyze the data to provide immediate solutions. The system currently covers 61 crops and over 400 pests, with a database of approximately 1 lakh images, enabling proactive pest control and crop protection.

3. AI-Based Crop Health Monitoring

The government has integrated AI analytics with satellite imagery, soil moisture data, and weather reports to monitor crop health. This technology is particularly beneficial for rice and wheat cultivation, allowing for early detection of crop diseases, yield prediction, and better farm management.

4. Digital Agriculture Mission 2021-2025

As part of its Digital India initiative, the government launched the Digital Agriculture Mission, which emphasizes AI adoption in precision farming, smart irrigation, and real-time data monitoring. This mission also promotes AI-based market intelligence to help farmers make informed decisions about crop pricing and sales strategies.

AI-Powered Startups and Collaboration with Global Tech Giants

The Modi government has actively encouraged public-private partnerships to drive AI adoption in agriculture. Several Indian agri-tech startups, such as CropIn, Fasal, AgNext, and DeHaat, have leveraged AI for farm advisory, yield prediction, and market linkages. Additionally, collaborations with global tech leaders like Microsoft, IBM, and Google have enhanced AI applications in agriculture:

• IBM’s Watson Decision Platform uses AI to analyze weather forecasts and soil conditions.
• Microsoft’s AI Sowing App provides sowing advisories based on climate data.
• Google’s AI-powered Farm Management System aids farmers in decision-making through predictive analytics.

Impact of AI in Indian Agriculture

AI-driven agricultural transformation has yielded tangible benefits in terms of productivity and economic growth:

• 20-25% increase in crop yield through AI-powered advisory services.
• 30% reduction in pesticide use due to precise pest monitoring.
• 15-20% improvement in water efficiency using AI-based irrigation solutions.
• 50% decrease in farm-to-market wastage through AI-driven supply chain optimization.

Government Reports and Data

Several reports affirm the growing influence of AI in agriculture:

NITI Aayog’s 2022 report highlighted that AI integration in agriculture could add $87 billion to India’s economy by 2035.

The Ministry of Agriculture’s 2023 report states that AI-based interventions have helped farmers reduce input costs by 25% and increase profits by 35%.

According to a FICCI-BCG study (2023), AI-driven solutions could boost India’s agricultural exports to $100 billion by 2030.

Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has embraced Artificial Intelligence as a key enabler of agricultural growth and farmer prosperity. From AI-powered chatbots to precision farming techniques, the government’s initiatives have empowered millions of farmers with cutting-edge technology. As AI continues to evolve, its role in Indian agriculture will be indispensable in achieving the vision of Viksit Bharat (Developed India) 2047. With sustained policy support, increased investment, and farmer-centric innovations, India is poised to become a global leader in AI-driven smart agriculture.

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2023 में वैश्विक एनीमे बाजार का मूल्य लगभग 26.89 बिलियन डॉलर था, और यह 2030 तक 52.97 बिलियन डॉलर तक पहुंचने की संभावना है। जापानी एनीमे और मंगा उद्योग ने 2020 में 2 ट्रिलियन येन (लगभग 18 बिलियन डॉलर) से अधिक का निर्यात किया।

अचानक ही Ghibli का सोशल मीडिया पर एक उफान दिख रहा है, यह ट्रेंड कर रहा है। इस Ghibli ट्रेंडिंग की दीवानगी के बीच हमें भारत की आत्मनिर्भरता की पीड़ा पर भी विचार करना चाहिए। एक नागरिक दायित्व के रूप में यदि हम भारत में बने किसी सोशल मीडिया प्लेटफार्म या AI के लिए ऐसा प्रयास दिखाएँ तो भारत, भारतीयता एवं भारत के नागरिकों के साथ सोशल मीडिया पर हो रहे दोहरे व्यवहार के विरुद्ध हम एक संगठित शक्ति के रूप में खड़े दिख सकते हैं। लेकिन दुर्भाग्य से हम भारतीय ऐसा नहीं करते हैं।

एनीमे ने जापान को एक ‘कल्चरल सुपरपावर’ के रूप में स्थापित किया, इसकी दीवानगी पूरे विश्व में दिख रही है। स्टूडियो घिबली (Studio Ghibli) न केवल जापान की एनीमे इंडस्ट्री का एक प्रमुख स्तंभ है, बल्कि यह जापान की सांस्कृतिक सॉफ्ट पावर (Soft Power) को वैश्विक स्तर पर मजबूत करने का एक प्रमुख माध्यम भी है। इसकी शुरुआत 1985 में हायाओ मियाज़ाकी (Hayao Miyazaki) और इसाओ ताकाहाता (Isao Takahata) ने की थी। स्टूडियो ने अपनी गहरी भावनात्मक कहानियों, पर्यावरणीय संदेशों, सांस्कृतिक मूल्यों और असाधारण एनीमेशन के माध्यम से पूरी दुनिया में जापानी संस्कृति और विचारधारा का प्रसार किया।

स्वत्व के भाव का अभाव:

विचारणीय है की 145 करोड़ की आबादी वाले भारत से ऐसे नए विचार, अभिनव नवाचार और व्यवहार बाहर क्यों नहीं आते हैं? क्या इतनी विपुल आबादी का देश दूसरे देशों की उत्पाद क्रांति का खाद-पानी मात्र ही बनकर रहेगा या अपने स्वत्व के बोध से ऐसे सोशल मीडियाई और डिजिटल नवाचारों का भी उदय भी करेगा, जहाँ भारतीय दोयम दर्जे के नागरिक बन अपने संस्कृति, परंपरा और समाज के लिए ट्रोल न किये जाएँ? यह सरकार का कार्य नहीं, इसका समाधान लोकविमर्श से निकलेगा। सरकार का कार्य है नीति निर्माण एवं सहयोग, जो मोदी सरकार कर रही है और समाज उसका लाभ लेकर नए प्रयोग करे और स्वत्व के जागरण हेतु स्वदेशी को प्रमोट करे।

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार कानूनों के कारण कोई भी देश अपने बाजार को एक सीमा तक संरक्षणवादी बना सकता है पर जापान इसके दुष्प्रभावों से बिना कोई टैरिफ या बैरियर के ही सुरक्षित रहता है क्यों की वहां के लोग अपने स्वदेश निर्मित सामानों का प्रयोग करते हैं और अपने उत्पादों का दीवाना बनाने का हुनर उन्हें पता है, इसलिए अमेरिका में उनकी कारों का बोलबाला है।

हमारा रचनात्मक जगत पश्चिमी विश्व के अंधे अनुकरण में किस कदर डूबा है इसकी बानगी अभी हाल ही में एक विवादित कोमेडी शो के दौरान एक अत्यंत अशोभनीय टिपण्णी के साथ उजागर हुई जहाँ यह संवाद भी पश्चिमी टीवी शो की नक़ल कर के बोला गया था। भारत में अभिनय, फिल्म उद्योग तो छोडिये रियलिटी शो में भी संवाद नक़ल से आ रहे हैं।

हॉलीवुड को टक्कर देता जापान का सांस्कृतिक अग्रदूत “एनीमे”:

स्टूडियो घिबली की फिल्में, जैसे My Neighbor Totoro (1988), Spirited Away (2001), Princess Mononoke (1997), और Howl’s Moving Castle (2004), जापानी संस्कृति, मिथकों और परंपराओं को प्रभावी रूप से प्रस्तुत करती हैं। Spirited Away ने 2003 में ऑस्कर (Academy Award) जीता, जो किसी जापानी एनीमेशन के लिए एक ऐतिहासिक उपलब्धि थी। इसने जापान को वैश्विक मंच पर सांस्कृतिक नेतृत्व की स्थिति में खड़ा किया। इन फिल्मों में दिखाए गए पर्यावरण संरक्षण, महिला सशक्तीकरण और पारिवारिक मूल्यों ने दुनिया भर में दर्शकों के दिलों को छुआ और जापानी दृष्टिकोण की व्यापक स्वीकृति दिलाई।

एनीमे और जापान का सॉफ्ट पावर

जापान ने एनीमे के माध्यम से सॉफ्ट पावर को एक रणनीतिक उपकरण के रूप में इस्तेमाल किया है। सॉफ्ट पावर का तात्पर्य है कि किसी देश की सांस्कृतिक, राजनीतिक, और वैचारिक ताकतें दूसरों को आकर्षित और प्रभावित कर सकें।

2023 में वैश्विक एनीमे बाजार का मूल्य लगभग 26.89 बिलियन डॉलर था, और यह 2030 तक 52.97 बिलियन डॉलर तक पहुंचने की संभावना है। जापानी एनीमे और मंगा उद्योग ने 2020 में 2 ट्रिलियन येन (लगभग 18 बिलियन डॉलर) से अधिक का निर्यात किया।

नेटफ्लिक्स जैसे स्ट्रीमिंग प्लेटफॉर्म पर 100 से अधिक जापानी एनीमे सीरीज उपलब्ध हैं। स्टूडियो घिबली की सभी फिल्में नेटफ्लिक्स पर उपलब्ध कराए जाने के बाद, उनकी वैश्विक लोकप्रियता में 200% से अधिक वृद्धि हुई।

जापान के सांस्कृतिक ब्रांड “एनीमे” का उपयोग:

Totoro Forest और Spirited Away से प्रेरित लोकेशन्स जापान में पर्यटकों के आकर्षण का प्रमुख केंद्र हैं। एनीमे के माध्यम से लाखों लोगों ने जापानी भाषा और संस्कृति को सीखने में रुचि दिखाई है। जापानी सरकार ने एनीमे को Cool Japan Initiative का हिस्सा बनाया है, जिसमें 2025 तक 1 ट्रिलियन येन का निवेश किया गया है।

स्टूडियो घिबली का योगदान

स्टूडियो घिबली ने जापानी सॉफ्ट पावर को तीन तरीकों से मजबूत किया है। फिल्मों में गहरे नैतिक और मानवीय संदेश होते हैं, जो वैश्विक दर्शकों से जुड़ते हैं। घिबली की फिल्मों ने 120 से अधिक देशों में प्रदर्शित होकर जापानी संस्कृति को लोकप्रिय बनाया। Totoro जैसे कैरेक्टर्स जापान के सांस्कृतिक आइकन बन गए हैं।

स्टूडियो घिबली और एनीमे ने जापान को केवल आर्थिक लाभ ही नहीं, बल्कि सांस्कृतिक और कूटनीतिक मजबूती भी प्रदान की है। एनीमे अब एक वैश्विक भाषा बन चुकी है, जो जापान की परंपराओं और मूल्यों को दुनिया भर में पहुंचा रही है। घिबली का योगदान, जापान की सॉफ्ट पावर को नई ऊंचाइयों तक ले जाने में मील का पत्थर साबित हुआ है।

श्री युगो साको से बहुत कुछ सीख सकता था भारत:

1980 के दशक के अंत में,  रामायण से प्रभावित होकर जापानी निर्देशक युगो साको ने प्रसिद्ध भारतीय एनिमेटर राम मोहन के साथ मिलकर इस महाकाव्य की एक एनीमे-शैली में निर्देशित करने का निर्णय लिया। इस इंडो-जापानी संयुक्त निर्माण का नाम “रामायण: द लीजेंड ऑफ प्रिंस राम”  था। लगभग $13 मिलियन के बजट के साथ निर्मित यह फिल्म पाँच वर्षों में पूरी हुई और 1992 में रिलीज़ हुई। इस फिल्म में भगवान राम की कहानी को अद्भुत दृश्यों, विस्तृत पात्र-डिज़ाइन, और संगीतकार वानराज भाटिया द्वारा तैयार किए गए एक प्रभावशाली बैकग्राउंड स्कोर के साथ प्रस्तुत किया गया। इसे हिंदी, अंग्रेजी और जापानी सहित 20 से अधिक भाषाओं में डब किया गया और यह केवल भारत और जापान में ही नहीं, बल्कि पूरे दक्षिण-पूर्व एशिया, यूरोप और उत्तरी अमेरिका में भी दर्शकों तक पहुँची।

इस एनिमेटेड रामायण को विशेष बनाने वाली बात इसकी सांस्कृतिक विवरणों पर बारीकी से ध्यान देना था। युगो साको ने प्रामाणिकता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए 10 से अधिक भारतीय विद्वानों से परामर्श लिया और एनिमेशन शैली में जापानी एनीमे और भारतीय कला के तत्वों को शामिल किया। यह फिल्म 1993 में कान्स फिल्म फेस्टिवल में प्रदर्शित हुई और अपनी सांस्कृतिक सीमाओं को पार करने वाली कहानी के रूप में आलोचकों द्वारा सराही गई।

यह फिल्म निर्माण में वैश्विक सहयोग का एक प्रमुख उदाहरण बन गई और इसे धर्म (कर्तव्य), साहस और समर्पण जैसे रामायण के मूल्यों को वैश्विक दर्शकों तक पहुँचाने के लिए प्रशंसा प्राप्त किया। इस फिल्म की स्थायी विरासत यह दर्शाती है कि कैसे पारंपरिक भारतीय महाकाव्य, आधुनिक कहानी कहने के माध्यमों के साथ, सांस्कृतिक और भाषाई बाधाओं को पार कर सकते हैं और भारत की आध्यात्मिक धरोहर को वैश्विक मंच पर प्रदर्शित कर सकते हैं।

कितने दुर्भाग्य की बात है की भारत ने यदि युगो साको के इस कार्य से सीखा होता तो आज इस उद्द्योग में भारत की भी एक बड़ी हिस्सेदारी होती लेकिन पश्चिम के अन्धानुकरण ने हमें अपने अभिनवता को उजागर ही नहीं होने दिया।

भारत के लिए सीख:

भारत अपनी समृद्ध और विविध सांस्कृतिक विरासत के माध्यम से वैश्विक स्तर पर अपनी सांस्कृतिक सॉफ्ट पावर को सुदृढ़ कर सकता है। जैसे जापान ने एनीमे और स्टूडियो घिबली के माध्यम से अपनी संस्कृति को विश्वभर में लोकप्रिय बनाया है, भारत भी रामायण और महाभारत जैसे अपने प्राचीन महाकाव्यों को उच्च-गुणवत्ता वाले एनिमेटेड श्रृंखला, फिल्मों और डिजिटल कहानी कहने के माध्यम से प्रस्तुत कर सकता है। मल्टीमीडिया संस्करण, गेमिफाइड लर्निंग टूल्स और वर्चुअल अनुभवों के साथ एक इंटरएक्टिव डिजिटल इकोसिस्टम में विस्तारित किया जा सकता है। इसके अलावा, बॉलीवुड और क्षेत्रीय सिनेमा को मात्र नकलची डायलाग एवं विदेशी फैशन के अंधे अनुकरण से हटकर सिनेमा को रणनीतिक रूप से प्रचारित करना चाहिए, ताकि भारत के मूल्य, परंपराएं और आधुनिक आकांक्षाएं विश्व के दर्शकों के सामने प्रस्तुत की जा सकें।

भारत जापान की कूल जापान इनिशिएटिव से प्रेरणा लेकर “कूल इंडिया” जैसे अभियान शुरू कर सकता है, जो भारतीय सांस्कृतिक विरासत, कला रूपों और नवाचारों को वैश्विक स्तर पर बढ़ावा देने पर केंद्रित हो। इस पहल के तहत भारत योग, आयुर्वेद, पारंपरिक शिल्प, शास्त्रीय संगीत और नृत्य जैसी अपनी ताकतों का उपयोग कर सकता है। भारतीय पौराणिक कथाओं, लोककथाओं और इतिहास पर आधारित उच्च-गुणवत्ता वाली डिजिटल सामग्री, जैसे एनिमेटेड श्रृंखला, डॉक्यूमेंट्री और वर्चुअल रियलिटी अनुभव, वैश्विक दर्शकों को आकर्षित कर सकते हैं। इसके साथ ही, अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्ट्रीमिंग प्लेटफॉर्म्स, सांस्कृतिक महोत्सवों और संग्रहालयों के साथ साझेदारी करके भारत अपनी कहानियों और सांस्कृतिक खजाने को व्यापक दर्शकों तक पहुंचा सकता है।

इस प्रयास को और मजबूत बनाने के लिए भारत प्रमुख विदेशी शहरों में सांस्कृतिक केंद्र और उत्कृष्टता के हब स्थापित कर सकता है, जहां भारतीय कला, शिल्प, प्रदर्शन और कार्यशालाओं का आयोजन किया जाए। इन प्रयासों को युवा दर्शकों को ध्यान में रखते हुए डिज़ाइन किया जाना चाहिए, ताकि भारतीय संस्कृति को आकर्षक और प्रासंगिक बनाया जा सके। यह न केवल भारत की सांस्कृतिक कूटनीति को सुदृढ़ करेगा, बल्कि भारत की वैश्विक छवि को एक प्रगतिशील और गहरी जड़ों वाले राष्ट्र के रूप में प्रस्तुत करेगा। आधुनिक मीडिया तकनीकों को भारत की समृद्ध विरासत के साथ जोड़कर, भारत एक वैश्विक सॉफ्ट पावर नेता के रूप में अपनी पहचान बना सकता है, ठीक वैसे ही जैसे जापान ने अपनी एनीमे और डिज़ाइन इंडस्ट्री के माध्यम से किया है।

The post Ghibli व एनीमे : जापानी ‘कल्चरल सुपरपावर’ से भारत को सीख appeared first on VisionViksitBharat.

According to a World Bank report, a 10% increase in broadband penetration can boost GDP growth by 1.38%. With only 37% of rural households in India having internet access (National Family Health Survey, 2019-21), the BharatNet initiative offers a monumental opportunity to transform rural India.

In the digital era, connectivity forms the backbone of economic growth and societal transformation. Recognizing the transformative potential of high-speed broadband, the Modi government has undertaken pioneering initiatives to bridge the digital divide between urban and rural India. A significant step in this direction is the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN), under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). This partnership underscores the government’s commitment to leveraging digital infrastructure to drive rural development and achieve the vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047.

Enabling Rural Digital Empowerment

The MoU aims to empower rural institutions supported by NABARD by providing them access to high-speed broadband connectivity under the BharatNet program. BharatNet, envisioned as the world’s largest rural broadband initiative, connects over 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) through high-speed optical fiber networks. This partnership focuses on:

1. Digital Access to Governance

High-speed broadband through programs like BharatNet enables rural institutions to access e-governance services, making public service delivery more transparent and efficient.

Example: Common Service Centers (CSCs): With over 500,000 CSCs operational across India, rural citizens can now access over 300 digital services, including land records, birth certificates, and subsidies. This initiative saves time and reduces corruption by eliminating intermediaries.

Impact of E-Governance on Efficiency: A study by NITI Aayog shows that e-governance has reduced processing times for rural services by 40%. For instance, the DigiLocker platform has issued over 14 billion digital documents to date, simplifying citizen access to official records.

DBN-NABARD MoU Role: Rural institutions like Primary Agriculture Cooperative Societies (PACS) can now utilize e-governance platforms to streamline their operations and enhance transparency in disbursement processes for loans and subsidies.

2. Integration of Digital Services

High-speed broadband integrates digital applications and portals, bringing inclusivity to governance and ensuring services reach remote areas.

Direct Benefit Transfers (DBTs): With broadband-enabled banking systems, the government has facilitated DBTs, transferring over ₹6.3 lakh crore (FY 2022-23) directly into beneficiaries’ bank accounts, reducing leakages in welfare schemes.

Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, and Mobile (JAM) Trinity: Broadband access has strengthened the JAM infrastructure, enabling seamless delivery of benefits like PM-KISAN payments to over 11 crore farmers annually.

Government Portals: Initiatives like the PMGDISHA platform have trained over 4 crore rural citizens in digital literacy, ensuring they can access online services such as banking, healthcare, and education.

3. Capacity Building for Rural Entrepreneurs

Broadband connectivity facilitates training programs and equips rural entrepreneurs with digital skills to thrive in a technology-driven economy.

Digital Skilling Initiatives: Programs like PMGDISHA have made over 6 crore people digitally literate, with a significant focus on rural women and youth. These initiatives enable entrepreneurs to access digital marketplaces and financial platforms.

E-Marketplaces: Platforms like the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) and eNAM (National Agriculture Market) allow rural entrepreneurs and farmers to directly market their products, bypassing middlemen. eNAM has connected 1.74 crore farmers and facilitated transactions worth ₹2 lakh crore.

Awareness and Training Programs: Under the DBN-NABARD MoU, awareness programs for rural entrepreneurs will promote ICT-based business opportunities, fostering a new generation of digitally skilled entrepreneurs.

4. Promotion of the Digital Economy

Broadband-enabled initiatives in e-commerce, fintech, and digital banking are transforming rural India into a vibrant part of the digital economy.

Fintech Growth: With broadband access, rural citizens increasingly use fintech solutions like UPI, which recorded over 8 billion transactions worth ₹13.89 lakh crore in January 2025 alone. This penetration supports financial inclusion and reduces dependency on cash.

Rural E-Commerce: Platforms like Amazon Saheli and Flipkart Samarth have empowered rural artisans and women entrepreneurs, enabling them to sell their products nationally and internationally. Rural e-commerce penetration has grown by over 30% annually.

Digital Banking Access: High-speed broadband has brought banking services to the doorstep of rural households. According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), rural bank accounts grew by 46% in the last decade, driven by digital banking solutions and initiatives like India Post Payments Bank (IPPB).

Driving Socioeconomic Transformation

Data underscores the transformative potential of digital connectivity. According to a World Bank report, a 10% increase in broadband penetration can boost GDP growth by 1.38%. With only 37% of rural households in India having internet access (National Family Health Survey, 2019-21), the BharatNet initiative offers a monumental opportunity to transform rural India.

Key Benefits:

1. Agricultural Modernization

High-speed broadband empowers farmers with real-time access to critical agricultural information, modernizing farming practices and improving productivity.

Weather and Crop Data: Digital platforms like Meghdoot and Kisan Suvidha provide farmers with weather forecasts, pest control measures, and crop advisory services. For example, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) delivers daily weather updates to over 20 million farmers.

Market Linkages: E-platforms like eNAM (National Agriculture Market) connect 1.74 crore farmers to 1,000+ mandis across India. With broadband access, farmers can check market prices, negotiate directly with buyers, and reduce dependence on middlemen, increasing their income by 20-30%.

Smart Farming: Broadband enables precision farming through IoT devices, soil sensors, and drones. NABARD’s Digital Ecosystem for Agriculture (DEA) initiative is integrating these technologies with high-speed connectivity to promote data-driven farming.

2. Education and Skill Development

Broadband connectivity bridges the educational gap in rural India by providing access to quality learning resources and skill development programs.

Digital Classrooms: Initiatives like PM eVidya and Diksha offer online courses to students in rural areas, ensuring uninterrupted education. By 2024, these platforms have reached 23 crore learners, providing content in 15+ languages.

Skill Development: Under Skill India Mission, broadband-enabled training centers have imparted employable skills to over 50 million youth. Programs like eSkillIndia offer courses in IT, healthcare, and retail, boosting rural employability.

Women’s Education: Digital initiatives like Mahila Shakti Kendra focus on skilling rural women, with over 10 lakh women gaining financial literacy and entrepreneurial training.

3. Healthcare Accessibility

Telemedicine services, powered by high-speed broadband, address the healthcare needs of rural India, reducing disparities in health outcomes.

eSanjeevani Telemedicine Platform: This initiative has facilitated over 15 crore teleconsultations, connecting rural patients with doctors in urban hospitals.

Digital Health Records: Programs like Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) ensure that rural citizens have access to portable digital health records, simplifying access to healthcare services.

Mobile Health Units: Broadband enables mobile healthcare vans to operate efficiently in remote areas, providing real-time diagnostics and consultations. A 2023 NITI Aayog report found a 25% improvement in health indicators in villages served by telemedicine.

4. Rural Entrepreneurship

High-speed broadband enables rural entrepreneurs and MSMEs to access markets, financial services, and training, fostering economic growth and job creation.

Market Access for Startups: Platforms like Flipkart Samarth and Amazon Saheli have empowered rural entrepreneurs, particularly women, to market their products globally. Flipkart reported a 35% growth in rural sellers joining its platform in 2023.

Financial Inclusion: Rural entrepreneurs leverage broadband to access fintech platforms like UPI and Aadhaar-enabled payment systems. UPI recorded 83 billion transactions in 2023, with significant growth in rural regions.

MSME Growth: Broadband connectivity is driving the growth of MSMEs in rural India. According to the Ministry of MSME, rural MSMEs contributed 45% to India’s GDP in 2023, employing over 100 million people.

Startup Ecosystem: Initiatives like Startup India and NABARD’s Rural Innovation Fund support rural entrepreneurs in scaling their ventures, aided by broadband-enabled access to training and resources.

Policy Initiatives: A Gender-Inclusive Approach

The Modi government’s focus on inclusivity in digital initiatives, especially targeting women, is driving significant societal and economic transformation in rural India. High-speed broadband access amplifies these efforts by enabling women to participate in e-commerce, digital marketing, and online education, fostering gender parity in the workforce. Here’s how:

1. Digital Literacy for Women

PMGDISHA (Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan): Under this flagship initiative, over 6 crore rural citizens, of which 52% are women, have been trained in basic digital skills, enabling them to access online services and opportunities.

CSC Women Digital Entrepreneurs Program: More than 1 lakh women have become Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs), offering digital services like Aadhaar enrollment, online banking, and e-governance solutions to their communities.

2. Participation in E-commerce and Digital Marketing

E-commerce Growth: Platforms like Amazon Saheli and Flipkart Samarth empower rural women entrepreneurs to sell products online. For instance, Amazon Saheli supports over 2 lakh women sellers, providing training, logistics, and marketing assistance.

Self-Help Groups (SHGs): Broadband access helps women in SHGs promote their products digitally. NABARD reported that 25% of SHG members have adopted e-commerce, resulting in a 30-40% increase in their income.

3. Online Education and Skill Development

Digital Learning for Women: Initiatives like Diksha and PM eVidya provide online courses tailored to rural women, helping them gain skills in IT, healthcare, and other sectors. By 2023, over 12 crore women learners accessed these platforms.

Skill India for Women: Digital platforms under the Skill India Mission have trained more than 10 million women, enhancing their employability in fields like digital marketing, coding, and customer service.

4. Economic Empowerment

Fintech Access: High-speed broadband enables rural women to use fintech services like UPI and Aadhaar-enabled payment systems. As per NPCI, UPI transactions in rural areas grew by 25% in 2023, with women being significant contributors.

Remote Work Opportunities: Digital connectivity allows women to participate in remote jobs, freelancing, and online tutoring, giving them financial independence. A NASSCOM report indicates that remote work for rural women grew by 18% in 2023.

5. Gender Parity in Workforce

Women in Startups: Programs like Startup India and Stand-Up India have provided financial and technical support to women entrepreneurs, with 80% of beneficiaries being women in 2023.

Employment Growth: According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), digital skilling and connectivity could increase women’s workforce participation in India by 10% by 2030, adding approximately 70 million women workers to the economy.

NABARD and DBN Collaboration: A Step Towards Digital Transformation

Under the MoU, NABARD and DBN will work collaboratively to share reference data, digital content, and information on citizen-centric applications. High-speed broadband will be extended to rural institutions such as Primary Agriculture Co-operative Credit Societies (PACS), enabling them to integrate with the digital economy. This effort will modernize rural banking and financial institutions, making them more efficient and accessible.

A Vision for Viksit Bharat

The Modi government’s push for high-speed broadband in rural areas aligns with its broader vision of a self-reliant India. By empowering rural communities with digital tools and connectivity, the government is laying the foundation for sustainable and inclusive growth. This initiative will not only bridge the urban-rural divide but also position India as a global leader in digital innovation.

In conclusion, the DBN-NABARD collaboration under BharatNet is a transformative step towards rural digital empowerment. By integrating technology with governance, agriculture, education, and healthcare, high-speed broadband will act as a catalyst for India’s rural development, paving the way for Viksit Bharat by 2047.

The post High-Speed Broadband: A Catalyst for Rural Development in India appeared first on VisionViksitBharat.

By addressing implementation challenges and improving the scope and reach of MSP, the Modi government can create a more equitable system that aligns with the vision of Viksit Bharat.

India’s agricultural sector forms the backbone of its economy, providing livelihoods to millions and ensuring food security for a vast population. At the heart of agricultural policy is the Minimum Support Price (MSP) system, which guarantees farmers a fair price for their produce, insulating them from market fluctuations. This article delves into the comprehensive scope of MSP, the crops it covers, and its role in fostering a progressive agricultural ecosystem.

What is MSP?

MSP is the price at which the government procures crops from farmers, ensuring they are not forced to sell below their cost of production during periods of low market prices. The MSP is announced for 22 mandated crops and is determined based on recommendations from the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), along with input from state governments and relevant central ministries.

Crops Covered Under MSP

The MSP system encompasses a wide variety of crops, grouped into Kharif, Rabi, and other categories:

1. Kharif Crops

   • Cereals: Paddy (Common), Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Ragi
   • Pulses: Tur (Arhar), Moong, Urad
   • Oilseeds: Groundnut, Sunflower, Soybean (Yellow), Sesamum, Nigerseed

2. Rabi Crops

   • Cereals: Wheat, Barley
   • Pulses: Gram, Masur (Lentil)
   • Oilseeds: Rapeseed & Mustard, Safflower

3. Commercial Crops

   • Cotton (Medium Staple)
   • Jute
   • Copra (Milling)

Recent MSP Trends: Growth Analysis (2020-2025)

The government has consistently increased MSP over the years to align with rising production costs. Below are the key insights from the last five years:

• Paddy (Common): MSP increased from ₹1,868 per quintal in 2020-21 to ₹2,300 in 2024-25, a rise of ₹432.
• Jowar: MSP rose by ₹751, from ₹2,620 to ₹3,371 during the same period.
• Ragi: Saw a significant increase of ₹995, from ₹3,295 to ₹4,290.
• Moong: MSP climbed by ₹1,486, from ₹7,196 to ₹8,682.
• Soybean (Yellow): The MSP increased by ₹1,012, from ₹3,880 to ₹4,892.
• Cotton (Medium Staple): A notable rise of ₹1,606, from ₹5,515 to ₹7,121.

The government has also ensured significant increases for Rabi crops:

• Wheat: MSP grew by ₹450, from ₹1,975 in 2021-22 to ₹2,425 in 2025-26.
• Rapeseed & Mustard: A rise of ₹1,300, from ₹4,650 to ₹5,950.
• Masur (Lentil): Witnessed a substantial hike of ₹1,600, from ₹5,100 to ₹6,700.

Procurement Mechanisms Under MSP

1. Cereals and Coarse Grains
   The Food Corporation of India (FCI) and designated state agencies procure cereals and coarse grains to stabilize prices and maintain buffer stocks. The procurement estimates are finalized in consultation with state governments based on production and marketable surplus.

2. Pulses, Oilseeds, and Copra
   Procurement is conducted under the Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA) when market prices fall below MSP. Agencies like NAFED and NCCF handle procurement, restricted to 25% of All India production.

3. Cotton and Jute
   Cotton is procured by the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI), while jute procurement is managed by the Jute Corporation of India (JCI). Unlike other crops, there is no maximum quantity limit for cotton and jute procurement.

Key Challenges in MSP Implementation

Despite its numerous benefits, MSP faces several implementation challenges:

1. Limited Awareness: Many farmers, especially smallholders, remain unaware of MSP or lack access to procurement centers.
2. Regional Disparities: Procurement is concentrated in select states, disadvantaging farmers in non-procurement areas.
3. Infrastructure Gaps: Lack of adequate storage and transport facilities often leads to inefficiencies in procurement.

 Strengthening MSP

To maximize the benefits of MSP, the government should focus on:

• Expanding Awareness Campaigns: Ensuring farmers across all regions are informed about MSP and its processes.
• Strengthening Infrastructure: Building more storage units and procurement centers in underserved areas.
• Enhancing Technology Integration: Leveraging digital tools for transparent procurement, real-time price updates, and farmer registration.
• Boosting Private Sector Participation: Encouraging private players to support procurement and storage under regulatory guidelines.

MSP remains a cornerstone of India’s agricultural policy, ensuring financial security for farmers and fostering sustainable agricultural growth. By addressing implementation challenges and improving the scope and reach of MSP, the government can create a more equitable system that aligns with the vision of Viksit Bharat. A robust MSP framework not only uplifts farmers but also strengthens India’s journey towards self-reliance and prosperity in agriculture.

The post A Comprehensive Overview of MSP for All Mandated Crops appeared first on VisionViksitBharat.

With a strong commitment to consumer prosperity, the Modi Gov has effectively integrated sustainable practices into its consumer protection framework. Let’s discuss on World Consumer Rights Day 2025.

World Consumer Rights Day 2025 serves as a crucial platform to reflect on the progress made in safeguarding consumer interests and ensuring their empowerment. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has undertaken significant policy measures to protect consumers from unfair trade practices, promote sustainability, and foster transparency in digital and traditional markets. With a strong commitment to consumer prosperity, the government has effectively integrated sustainable practices into its consumer protection framework, reinforcing the ethos of ‘Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, Sabka Vishwas, and Sabka Prayas.’

Advancing Consumer Protection in the Digital Age

The Modi government has consistently prioritized consumer rights, particularly in the rapidly evolving digital economy. Recognizing the complexities and challenges of online transactions, the Consumer Protection E-Commerce Rules, 2020 were introduced to ensure fair trade practices, prevent consumer exploitation, and establish greater accountability for e-commerce platforms. These rules safeguard consumers from misleading advertisements, hidden charges, unfair contracts, and unethical business tactics that have become prevalent in the digital marketplace.

A major concern in modern consumerism is deceptive marketing techniques such as dark patterns and greenwashing. Dark patterns refer to manipulative website or app designs that trick consumers into making unintended choices, such as hidden fees, forced subscriptions, or difficulty in canceling services. Greenwashing, on the other hand, involves false sustainability claims by businesses to mislead environmentally conscious consumers. The Modi government has proactively addressed these issues by issuing strict guidelines to ensure transparency and fair trade, empowering consumers to make informed decisions.

Digital Revolution in Consumer Grievance Redressal

To streamline consumer grievance redressal, the government has launched innovative digital platforms that provide fast and effective solutions. The E-Daakhil portal allows consumers to file complaints online with ease, reducing the need for physical visits to consumer courts. The e-Jagriti initiative further strengthens this framework by enhancing accessibility and efficiency in handling disputes. These initiatives reduce bureaucratic delays, increase transparency, and improve accountability, making justice more accessible to consumers across the country.

Building on these advancements, the upcoming National Consumer Helpline (NCH) 3.0 is set to revolutionize consumer grievance redressal. The current resolution time of 45 days will be significantly reduced to just 7 days, ensuring faster responses and increased consumer confidence. This ambitious reform marks a new benchmark in consumer protection efficiency, reinforcing India’s commitment to a robust and consumer-friendly marketplace.

By integrating technology, policy reforms, and regulatory oversight, the Modi government has positioned India as a global leader in consumer rights protection. These proactive measures not only safeguard consumer interests but also promote ethical business practices, ensuring a fair, transparent, and sustainable digital economy for all.

Sustainability as a Cornerstone of Consumer Welfare

The Modi government has positioned sustainability at the heart of consumer protection, recognizing that environmental responsibility and consumer welfare go hand in hand. By integrating eco-friendly standards, quality control measures, and sustainable consumption practices, the government is ensuring that consumers have access to safe, high-quality, and environmentally responsible products.

Eco-Labelling and Quality Control: Safeguarding Consumer Interests

A key initiative in this direction is the Eco Mark scheme, which promotes sustainable product packaging and safety standards. This program helps consumers identify and choose products that meet environmental and quality benchmarks, encouraging industries to adopt greener production processes.

To further reinforce consumer protection, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has issued over 180 Quality Control Orders (QCOs) covering 769 products. These mandatory QCOs ensure that industrial, household, and consumer goods meet strict quality and environmental standards, eliminating substandard and hazardous products from the market. Additionally, hallmarking and standardization initiatives in sectors like gold, electronics, and construction materials protect consumers from fraud while promoting resource efficiency.

Mission LiFE: Transforming Consumption Patterns

One of the most visionary steps taken by the Modi government is the Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) initiative. This program, championed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, seeks to transform consumer behavior by moving away from a “use-and-dispose” culture to a more sustainable circular economy model.

Under Mission LiFE, citizens are encouraged to adopt mindful consumption habits, such as reducing waste, promoting energy efficiency, and choosing sustainable products. This approach aligns with India’s commitment to reducing its carbon footprint while empowering consumers to make eco-conscious choices.

India’s Leadership in Sustainable Consumerism

By integrating sustainability into consumer policies, the Modi government is setting global benchmarks for responsible consumption and production. These measures not only protect consumer interests but also drive India toward a greener economy, ensuring a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation.

With initiatives like eco-labelling, QCOs, and Mission LiFE, India is paving the way for a sustainable future where consumer empowerment and environmental responsibility go hand in hand.

Promoting Consumer Awareness and Accountability

Consumer awareness is a cornerstone of consumer protection, ensuring that individuals make informed choices and are not misled by unfair practices. Recognizing this, the Modi government has launched several initiatives to educate and empower consumers while holding businesses accountable for their practices.

‘Jago Grahak Jago’ & The Jagriti Mascot: Strengthening Consumer Education

The ‘Jago Grahak Jago’ campaign has been one of India’s most impactful consumer awareness programs, helping millions understand their rights and responsibilities as consumers. To further enhance its reach, the Jagriti mascot was introduced as a symbol of consumer vigilance, making legal and technical aspects of consumer rights more accessible and relatable to the general public.

Quality Connect Campaign: Raising Standards in Consumer Products

The Quality Connect Campaign (March 1-15, 2025), launched through the Quality Connect app, is a first-of-its-kind initiative that engages government officials and the public to highlight the significance of product standards and quality assurance. This campaign aims to educate consumers about certifications, hallmarking, and quality control standards, encouraging businesses to adhere to national and international quality norms while strengthening trust in the marketplace by promoting standardized and high-quality goods. By making quality assurance a collective effort, this initiative aligns with India’s vision of a consumer-centric and transparent economy.

Tackling Misleading Advertisements & Ensuring Corporate Accountability

The Modi government has taken strict action against deceptive marketing practices, particularly in sectors like education, coaching institutes, and e-commerce. New advertising regulations ensure that misleading claims, such as false job guarantees, exaggerated success rates, or deceptive product benefits, are penalized while holding businesses accountable for the authenticity of their advertisements. These measures protect consumers from fraudulent schemes and unethical promotions, creating a more responsible corporate environment that upholds ethical marketing standards.

Right to Repair: Empowering Consumers & Reducing E-Waste

The Right to Repair initiative is a progressive step toward empowering consumers by giving them access to repair information, spare parts, and affordable services. This initiative helps extend product lifespans, reducing electronic waste and supporting sustainability while also reducing dependency on expensive manufacturer-exclusive repair services. Additionally, it strengthens consumer independence and choice in product maintenance. By promoting repairability and sustainability, this initiative aligns with Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) and India’s commitment to responsible consumption.

Through these consumer-centric policies and initiatives, the Modi government is ensuring that awareness, accountability, and sustainability remain at the heart of India’s economic progress. By fostering transparency in business practices, enhancing consumer education, and promoting sustainability, India is creating a marketplace that is fair, ethical, and consumer-friendly.

A Vision for the Future

The government’s proactive approach to consumer welfare underscores a broader vision—to create a just, sustainable, and consumer-friendly economy. By implementing stringent regulations, enhancing digital grievance redressal systems, and promoting sustainability, India is setting an example for the world in consumer rights protection.

As we commemorate World Consumer Rights Day 2025, it is evident that the Modi government has successfully transformed consumer protection from a regulatory obligation into a dynamic movement for sustainable growth and consumer empowerment. Moving forward, continued innovation, stricter enforcement, and active consumer participation will be key in ensuring that India’s consumers are not only protected but also prospering in an evolving economic landscape.

The post Consumer Rights in Amrit Kaal: Modi’s Drive for Sustainability and Justice appeared first on VisionViksitBharat.

Breakthrough in Crop Development

Under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and the National Agricultural Research System (NARS), 2,900 location-specific improved crop varieties and hybrids have been developed over the past decade. This includes:

• 1,380 varieties of cereals
• 412 of oilseeds
• 437 of pulses
• 376 of fiber crops
• 178 of forage crops
• 88 of sugarcane
• 29 of other crops

A remarkable 2,661 of these varieties exhibit tolerance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, making them essential for combating the challenges of climate change. Additionally, 537 varieties have been specially developed using precision phenotyping tools for extreme climate resilience.

Furthermore, the past ten years have seen the introduction of 152 biofortified crop varieties, including rice, wheat, maize, millets, oilseeds, and pulses. These biofortified crops help address malnutrition, ensuring better nutrition for millions of Indians.

Revolutionizing Horticulture

The horticulture sector has also seen remarkable progress, with 819 new varieties released and notified. These include:

• 123 fruit crop varieties
• 429 vegetable crop varieties
• 71 potato & tropical tuber crops
• 53 flowers and ornamental plants
• 19 bio-fortified varieties

These advancements bolster India’s position as a global leader in agricultural innovation and sustainability.

Strengthening Seed Production and Distribution

To ensure farmers across the nation benefit from these scientific advancements, the Modi government has prioritized the production and distribution of high-quality seeds. Breeder seed production is systematically planned from Rabi 2024-25, and steps have been taken to expedite seed delivery to farmers by involving key seed production agencies like:

• National Seed Corporation Ltd. (NSCL)
• State Seed Corporations
• Public Sector Undertakings
• Private Sector and Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)

Moreover, seed multiplication programs at the farmers’ level through the Farmers’ Participatory Seed Production Programme ensure widespread adoption.

Empowering Farmers through Awareness and Training

Recognizing the importance of awareness and education in technology adoption, the government has taken extensive steps to promote improved crop varieties among farmers. This includes:

• Broadcasting through Doordarshan and All India Radio
• Frontline demonstrations by ICAR and State Agricultural Universities (SAUs)
• Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) conducting farmer training programs
• Special schemes under the Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP) and North East Himalaya (NEH) programs

Seed Village Programme: A Game-Changer

One of the most significant interventions has been the Seed Village Programme, a part of the Sub-Mission on Seed & Planting Material (SMSP) under the National Food Security & Nutrition Mission. This initiative ensures that high-yielding, biofortified, and climate-resilient seeds are available at the village level, directly benefitting farmers.

Under this scheme, financial assistance is provided for seed distribution:

• 50% subsidy for cereal seeds
• 60% subsidy for oilseeds, fodder, and green manure crops

This initiative has greatly enhanced agricultural productivity and farmer income, paving the way for a self-reliant India (Atmanirbhar Bharat).

National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds (NMEO-OS)

To achieve self-sufficiency in edible oil production, the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds (NMEO-OS) has been approved for 2024-2031. This mission provides:

• 100% funding for breeder seed procurement
• 60:40 or 90:10 cost-sharing for seed distribution in value chain clusters
• 100% funding for farmer training programs
• Up to ₹1 crore for setting up seed hubs and storage units
• Subsidies for post-harvest infrastructure, training, and demonstrations

This ambitious mission is set to significantly boost domestic oilseed production, reduce dependency on imports, and strengthen the rural economy.

A Decade of Transformational Change

The Modi government’s unwavering commitment to agricultural innovation, farmer welfare, and self-reliance has ushered in a new era of prosperity for India’s farming community. The strategic development of high-yielding and climate-resilient crops, coupled with proactive policies, extensive seed distribution programs, and farmer training initiatives, has laid the foundation for a sustainable agricultural revolution.

As India marches toward its vision of Viksit Bharat, these agricultural advancements ensure food security, economic growth, and resilience against climate change, making the nation truly Atmanirbhar in every sense of the word.

The future of Indian agriculture is brighter than ever, thanks to the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the relentless efforts of India’s scientific and farming communities. Jai Kisan!

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सरकार की कृषि ऋण योजनाएं जलवायु-लचीली खेती को बढ़ावा देने, किसानों की वित्तीय सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करने और सतत कृषि विकास को गति देने के लिए रणनीतिक रूप से तैयार की गई हैं।

कृषि भारत की अर्थव्यवस्था की रीढ़ है, और प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी के नेतृत्व में सरकार ने वित्तीय पहुंच को बढ़ाने, कृषि को अधिक लचीला बनाने और आधुनिक तकनीकों को अपनाने के लिए ऐतिहासिक सुधार किए हैं। सरकार की कृषि ऋण योजनाएं जलवायु-लचीली खेती को बढ़ावा देने, किसानों की वित्तीय सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करने और सतत कृषि विकास को गति देने के लिए रणनीतिक रूप से तैयार की गई हैं। इन योजनाओं का विस्तृत विवरण नीचे दिया गया है:

प्राकृतिक आपदाओं से प्रभावित किसानों के लिए ब्याज सब्सिडी

किसान क्रेडिट कार्ड (KCC) – संशोधित ब्याज अनुदान योजना (MISS) किसानों को कम ब्याज दर पर अल्पकालिक ऋण उपलब्ध कराने की प्रमुख पहल है। इस योजना के तहत, किसानों को 7% की सब्सिडी वाली ब्याज दर पर ऋण मिल सकता है, जिसमें वित्तीय संस्थानों को 1.5% की अग्रिम ब्याज सब्सिडी दी जाती है। समय पर भुगतान करने वाले किसानों को 3% की प्रोम्प्ट रिपेमेंट इंसेंटिव (PRI) छूट मिलती है, जिससे प्रभावी ब्याज दर घटकर 4% प्रति वर्ष हो जाती है। प्राकृतिक आपदाओं की स्थिति में, पुनर्गठित फसल ऋण को विस्तारित ब्याज अनुदान और PRI लाभ मिलते हैं, जिससे प्रभावित किसानों को राहत और वित्तीय स्थिरता मिलती है।

कृषि अवसंरचना कोष (AIF): जलवायु-लचीली खेती को बढ़ावा

AIF ने फसल कटाई के बाद नुकसान को कम करने के लिए खेत स्तर पर भंडारण और लॉजिस्टिक्स जैसी विकेंद्रीकृत अवसंरचना के लिए मध्यम से दीर्घकालिक ऋण प्रदान करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है। इस योजना के तहत, ₹2 करोड़ तक के ऋण पर 3% ब्याज अनुदान मिलता है, जिससे यह अधिक सुलभ और किफायती बनता है। यह योजना जलवायु-स्मार्ट निवेशों को समर्थन देती है, जिसमें PM-KUSUM के तहत विकेंद्रीकृत सौर ऊर्जा संयंत्र, जैविक इनपुट उत्पादन और सटीक कृषि उपकरण शामिल हैं। ये प्रयास भारतीय कृषि को जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रभावों से बचाने और इसे दीर्घकालिक रूप से टिकाऊ बनाने में सहायक हैं।

जलवायु-लचीली कृषि को बढ़ावा

सरकार की जलवायु-लचीली कृषि प्रथाओं पर जोर राष्ट्रीय नवाचार जलवायु-लचीली कृषि (NICRA) कार्यक्रम के समर्थन में देखा जा सकता है, जो जलग्रहण विकास परियोजनाओं में जलवायु अनुकूलन रणनीतियों को एकीकृत करता है। इसके अलावा, ITC MAARS जैसे एग्री फिनटेक प्लेटफॉर्म KCC ऋणों तक आसान पहुंच प्रदान करते हैं, जिससे किसान जलवायु-स्मार्ट तकनीकों को आसानी से अपना सकते हैं।

जलवायु अनुकूलित वित्तीय उत्पाद

जलवायु अनुकूलन को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए, जलवायु-संवेदनशील क्षेत्रों के लिए विशेष वित्तीय उत्पाद पेश किए गए हैं। NABARD ग्रीन क्लाइमेट फंड (GCF) और राष्ट्रीय जलवायु परिवर्तन अनुकूलन कोष (NAFCC) से संसाधनों को किसानों तक पहुंचाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रहा है, जिससे वे जलवायु-लचीली अवसंरचना और तकनीक को अपनाने के लिए आवश्यक वित्तीय सहायता प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।

कृषि में नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा: प्रधानमंत्री-कुसुम योजना (PM-KUSUM)

सरकार ने सतत ऊर्जा के महत्व को पहचानते हुए PM-KUSUM योजना शुरू की, जो किसानों को सौर ऊर्जा आधारित सिंचाई प्रणालियां स्थापित करने के लिए वित्तीय सहायता प्रदान करती है। इस योजना के तहत, किसानों को 50% तक की सब्सिडी दी जाती है, जिससे स्टैंडअलोन सोलर पंप, ग्रिड से जुड़े सौर ऊर्जा संयंत्र और मौजूदा पंपों का सौरकरण संभव होता है। यह योजना ग्रामीण किसानों के लिए ऊर्जा सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करती है और कार्बन उत्सर्जन को कम करने में मदद करती है।

NABARD की जलग्रहण विकास एवं आजीविका पहल

NABARD की जलग्रहण विकास योजना वर्षा आधारित क्षेत्रों के लिए परिवर्तनकारी साबित हुई है। इसने जल उपलब्धता में सुधार किया है, उत्पादकता बढ़ाई है और कृषि जोखिमों को कम किया है। इसके अलावा, NABARD आदिवासी समुदायों के लिए आजीविका विविधीकरण का समर्थन करता है, जिसमें बागवानी, पशुपालन और सूक्ष्म उद्यम गतिविधियां शामिल हैं, जिससे पलायन कम होता है और ग्रामीण समृद्धि को बढ़ावा मिलता है।

स्वैच्छिक कार्बन बाजार (VCM) में कृषि

भारत ने सतत कृषि को बढ़ावा देने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण कदम उठाए हैं। वर्तमान में, वीरा VCS प्लेटफॉर्म पर 11 परियोजनाएं पंजीकृत हैं, जो निम्न-कार्बन कृषि पद्धतियों को प्रोत्साहित करती हैं और भारत को सतत कृषि वित्त में एक अग्रणी देश के रूप में स्थापित करती हैं।

डिजिटल पब्लिक इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर: एग्रीस्टैक और सटीक खेती

मोदी सरकार इनपुट-गहन कृषि से ज्ञान-गहन कृषि की ओर संक्रमण का नेतृत्व कर रही है। एग्रीस्टैक नामक डिजिटल पब्लिक इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर (DPI) किसानों के लिए डेटा-संचालित निर्णय सहायता प्रणाली (DSS) के रूप में कार्य करता है। किसान ऋण पोर्टल 1.89 लाख से अधिक बैंक शाखाओं को जोड़ता है, जिससे वित्तीय संसाधनों तक आसान पहुंच सुनिश्चित होती है। इसके अतिरिक्त, NABARD, ICAR और KVKs प्राकृतिक खेती, IoT-आधारित सटीक कृषि और AI-संचालित परामर्श सेवाओं को बढ़ावा देने के लिए सहयोग कर रहे हैं।

नैनो उर्वरक और ड्रोन तकनीक द्वारा सतत कृषि

नैनो यूरिया और नैनो DAP जैसे नैनो उर्वरकों का प्रचार भारतीय कृषि के लिए एक गेम-चेंजर साबित हो रहा है। सरकार ने प्रधानमंत्री किसान समृद्धि केंद्र (PMKSK) के माध्यम से बड़े पैमाने पर जागरूकता अभियान, क्षेत्रीय प्रदर्शन और आपूर्ति श्रृंखला में सुधार किया है। ‘नमो ड्रोन दीदी’ योजना के तहत, 15,000 महिला स्वयं सहायता समूहों (SHGs) को उर्वरक छिड़काव के लिए ड्रोन प्रदान किए जा रहे हैं, जिससे दक्षता में सुधार हो रहा है और लागत घट रही है।

कृषि अवसंरचना कोष (AIF) द्वारा किसान-केंद्रित मूल्य श्रृंखला का निर्माण

AIF कृषि मूल्य श्रृंखला को मजबूत करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रहा है। यह फार्म-स्तरीय भंडारण, कोल्ड स्टोरेज, प्रसंस्करण इकाइयों और मूल्यवर्धन के लिए किफायती वित्त पोषण प्रदान करता है, जिससे बिचौलियों पर निर्भरता कम होती है और किसानों की आय में वृद्धि होती है।

सतत कृषि विकास का विजन

मोदी सरकार की कृषि ऋण योजनाएं जलवायु लचीलापन, वित्तीय पहुंच और तकनीकी नवाचार को एकीकृत करके भारतीय कृषि को पुनः आकार दे रही हैं। KCC और AIF के माध्यम से सस्ती वित्तीय सहायता से लेकर PM-KUSUM द्वारा नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा को बढ़ावा देने और एग्रीस्टैक द्वारा सटीक कृषि को सक्षम करने तक, ये पहल कृषि को अधिक टिकाऊ, लचीला और लाभदायक बना रही हैं।

इन दूरदर्शी नीतियों के माध्यम से, सरकार किसानों की आय दोगुनी करने और भारतीय कृषि को वैश्विक प्रतिस्पर्धी, सतत और भविष्य के लिए तैयार करने के लिए प्रतिबद्ध है।

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The government’s agricultural credit mechanisms have been strategically designed to promote climate-resilient farming, ensure farmers’ financial security, and drive sustainable agricultural development.

Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy, and under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the government has undertaken groundbreaking reforms to enhance financial access, improve resilience, and modernize agricultural practices. The government’s agricultural credit mechanisms have been strategically designed to promote climate-resilient farming, ensure farmers’ financial security, and drive sustainable agricultural development. The details of these mechanisms are outlined below:

Interest Subvention for Farmers Affected by Natural Calamities

The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) – Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS) is a key initiative that ensures affordable short-term credit to farmers. Under this scheme, farmers can avail of loans at a subsidized interest rate of 7%, with an additional 1.5% upfront interest subvention provided to financial institutions. Farmers who make timely repayments benefit from a 3% Prompt Repayment Incentive (PRI), reducing the effective interest rate to 4% per annum. In cases of natural calamities, restructured crop loans are eligible for extended interest subvention and PRI benefits, providing much-needed relief and financial stability to affected farmers.

Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF): Driving Climate-Resilient Farming

AIF has been instrumental in providing medium to long-term credit for decentralized infrastructure such as farm gate storage and logistics, reducing post-harvest losses. Loans under AIF come with an interest subvention of 3% for amounts up to ₹2 crore, ensuring affordability. The scheme supports climate-smart investments, including decentralized solar power plants under PM-KUSUM, organic input production, and precision agriculture tools. These efforts are making Indian agriculture more resilient to climate change and ensuring long-term sustainability.

Promoting Climate-Resilient Agriculture

The government’s emphasis on climate-resilient agricultural practices is evident in its support for programs such as the National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), which integrates climate adaptation strategies into watershed development projects. Moreover, Agri Fintech platforms like ITC MAARS facilitate easier access to KCC loans, enabling farmers to adopt climate-smart technologies efficiently.

Customized Climate Financial Products

To further incentivize climate adaptation, financial products tailored for climate-vulnerable regions have been introduced. Institutions like NABARD play a pivotal role in channeling resources from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC), ensuring farmers have access to funds necessary for climate-resilient infrastructure and technology adoption.

Renewable Energy in Agriculture: The PM-KUSUM Scheme

Recognizing the importance of sustainable energy, the PM-KUSUM scheme provides financial support for farmers to install solar-powered irrigation systems, reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Subsidies of up to 50% are offered for standalone solar pumps, grid-connected solar power plants, and solarizing existing pumps, thus ensuring energy security for rural farmers and minimizing carbon emissions.

NABARD’s Watershed Development and Livelihood Initiatives

NABARD’s Watershed Development Programme has been transformative for rainfed regions, improving water availability, enhancing productivity, and reducing farming risks. Additionally, NABARD supports livelihood diversification for tribal communities, facilitating orchard development, animal husbandry, and micro-enterprise activities, thereby reducing migration and fostering rural prosperity.

Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) in Agriculture

India has taken significant strides in sustainable agriculture with 11 projects registered under the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) on the Veera VCS platform. This initiative promotes low-carbon farming practices, positioning India as a leader in sustainable agricultural finance.

Digital Public Infrastructure: AgriStack and Precision Farming

The Modi government is leading the transition from input-intensive to knowledge-intensive farming through Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) such as AgriStack. AgriStack serves as a Decision Support System (DSS), enabling data-driven insights for farmers. The Kisan Rin Portal, which connects over 1.89 lakh bank branches, ensures seamless access to financial resources. Additionally, NABARD, ICAR, and KVKs collaborate to advance natural farming, IoT-based precision agriculture, and AI-driven advisory services, reducing environmental impact while enhancing farm efficiency.

Nano Fertilizers and Drone Technology for Sustainable Farming

The promotion of nano-fertilizers like Nano Urea and Nano DAP has been a game-changer for Indian agriculture. The government has launched extensive awareness campaigns, field demonstrations, and supply chain improvements through Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samridhi Kendras (PMKSKs). Under the ‘Namo Drone Didi’ scheme, 15,000 women-led Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are being equipped with drones for fertilizer application, improving efficiency and reducing input costs. Additionally, the Department of Fertilizers (DoF) has initiated large-scale field demonstrations for Nano DAP adoption across the country.

Building a Farmer-Centric Value Chain with the Agri Infrastructure Fund (AIF)

AIF is playing a pivotal role in strengthening the agricultural value chain by decentralizing infrastructure and ensuring farmers receive 75-80% of consumer prices. The fund provides affordable financing for farm-level storage, cold storage, processing units, and value addition, reducing reliance on intermediaries and improving farmers’ income. Inspired by the dairy sector’s cooperative model, these initiatives ensure higher price realization for farmers while maintaining competitive consumer prices.

A Vision for Sustainable Agricultural Growth

The Modi government’s agricultural credit mechanisms are reshaping Indian agriculture by integrating climate resilience, financial accessibility, and technological innovation. From ensuring affordable credit through KCC and AIF to promoting renewable energy via PM-KUSUM and precision farming through AgriStack, these initiatives are making agriculture more sustainable, resilient, and profitable. By transitioning towards a knowledge-intensive farming model, India is not only securing its food future but also empowering millions of farmers with the tools and resources needed to thrive in a changing climate.

Through these visionary policies, the government continues to reinforce its commitment to doubling farmers’ income and ensuring that Indian agriculture remains globally competitive, sustainable, and future-ready.

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Modi’s Policy Reforms to Reduce Dependence on Imported Crude Oil

The volatility of global crude oil prices significantly impacts domestic fuel costs. The government and Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have taken the following steps to cushion the burden on consumers:

• Reduction in Excise Duty: The government reduced central excise duty on petrol and diesel by Rs. 13/litre and Rs. 16/litre, respectively, in two phases (November 2021, May 2022). In March 2024, PSU OMCs further lowered petrol and diesel prices by Rs. 2 per litre each.
• Diversification of Crude Import Basket: Efforts have been made to source crude oil from multiple countries to reduce supply risks.
• Increased Ethanol Blending in Petrol: Ethanol blending in petrol has reached record levels, helping to lower fuel costs and reduce carbon emissions.
• Freight Rationalization: Optimization of fuel transportation within states to lower price disparities between regions.
• Subsidized LPG Cylinders: Over 10.33 crore beneficiaries under the PM Ujjwala Yojana receive subsidies on LPG refills, reducing household fuel costs.

Advancing Towards a Sustainable Future

The Indian government has implemented various policies and technological advancements to reduce reliance on crude oil, lower carbon emissions, and transition toward cleaner energy sources. These initiatives aim to promote sustainability, energy efficiency, and long-term economic benefits.

1. Ethanol Blending Program (EBP)

Ethanol blending in petrol is a crucial step in reducing carbon emissions and lowering India’s dependence on imported crude oil. Over the past decade, increased ethanol blending has helped cut approximately 578 lakh metric tonnes of CO₂ emissions. The government aims for 20% ethanol blending (E20) by 2025, advancing from 10% (E10) achieved in 2022. Ethanol is produced from agricultural residues such as sugarcane and maize, providing an additional income source for farmers and reducing air pollution from stubble burning.

2. Bharat Stage (BS) VI Fuel Norms

To combat vehicular pollution, India transitioned from BS IV to BS VI fuel norms in 2020. BS VI fuel is ultra-low sulfur fuel, reducing harmful emissions from vehicles. Vehicles using BS VI fuel emit 80% less sulfur and significantly fewer nitrogen oxides compared to BS IV. This transition aligns India with global emission standards and improves air quality in urban centers.

3. Biofuels and Renewable Energy (Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana)

The Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN (Jaiv Indhan- Vatavaran Anukool Fasal Awashesh Nivaran) Yojana was launched to promote second-generation (2G) ethanol production from agricultural waste and residues. The scheme aims to reduce stubble burning, enhance energy security, and boost rural employment by setting up 12 commercial-scale bio-ethanol refineries across India. This initiative encourages sustainable energy use and reduces dependency on fossil fuels.

4. Green Hydrogen Production

Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy sources like solar and wind, is emerging as a key alternative to fossil fuels. Oil PSUs (Public Sector Undertakings) like Indian Oil, NTPC, and ONGC are investing in green hydrogen projects. Under the National Green Hydrogen Mission, India aims to become a global hub for green hydrogen production, with a target of 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) of green hydrogen production by 2030. Green hydrogen can power industries like steel, cement, and transportation, significantly reducing carbon footprints.

5. Expansion of EV Charging Infrastructure

To accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), the government is developing an extensive EV charging network across India. Key initiatives include the FAME II Scheme (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles), which offers incentives for EV buyers and promotes charging infrastructure. The Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) initiative is deploying EV chargers in cities and highways, while new regulations mandate EV-ready parking spaces in urban areas. Increased EV adoption reduces demand for petrol and diesel, helping lower oil imports and emissions.

6. Energy Efficiency & Gas-Based Economy

India is expanding the use of natural gas as a cleaner alternative to coal and petroleum-based fuels. The government aims to increase the share of natural gas in India’s energy mix from 6% to 15% by 2030. Efforts include the expansion of City Gas Distribution (CGD) projects, which provide piped natural gas (PNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) for households and vehicles, as well as the development of LNG terminals and pipelines to enhance supply chains for industrial and transportation sectors. Natural gas reduces carbon emissions by 25% compared to coal and 50% compared to petroleum-based fuels, encouraging a shift to cleaner transportation fuels like CNG and LNG.

These government initiatives represent a multi-pronged approach toward reducing India’s dependence on crude oil imports while enhancing energy security and environmental sustainability. By expanding renewable energy, ethanol blending, green hydrogen, EV infrastructure, and natural gas use, India is moving towards a cleaner and self-sufficient energy future.

India’s multi-pronged approach to reducing crude oil imports includes policy-driven exploration incentives, consumer price stabilization measures, and the promotion of alternative fuels. By enhancing domestic production, optimizing fuel consumption, and embracing renewable energy, the country is steadily moving toward greater energy independence and environmental sustainability. These efforts are not only strengthening national energy security but also contributing to India’s long-term economic resilience and climate goals.

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The Essence of UN Peacekeeping

UN peacekeeping operates as part of the UN’s broader framework of conflict prevention, peace enforcement, and post-conflict peacebuilding. These missions include:

1. Facilitating Political Processes

UN peacekeeping missions play a crucial role in supporting political stability by mediating peace talks between conflicting parties, assisting in the formation of transitional governments, and helping in constitutional reforms. They also promote reconciliation through truth commissions and peace dialogues, ensuring that post-conflict societies have a stable governance framework for long-term peace.

2. Protecting Civilians

One of the primary responsibilities of UN peacekeepers is ensuring the safety of civilians in conflict zones. They achieve this by deploying forces in vulnerable areas to prevent violence, creating safe zones for displaced populations, and providing humanitarian assistance. Additionally, they monitor human rights violations, report abuses, and support local security forces in maintaining law and order to prevent further atrocities.

3. Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR)

UN peacekeeping missions implement DDR programs to help former combatants transition to civilian life. This involves collecting and destroying weapons to prevent further conflict, providing vocational training and employment opportunities, and reintegrating former fighters into communities through social programs. Psychological and social support is also offered to ex-combatants to help them adjust to civilian society and prevent a return to violence.

4. Election Support

To establish democratic governance in post-conflict regions, UN peacekeeping missions assist in organizing and overseeing free and fair elections. They provide logistical and technical support, train local election officials, and monitor elections to ensure transparency and credibility. Furthermore, they play a vital role in preventing electoral violence and political intimidation, thereby fostering a stable democratic environment.

5. Human Rights and Rule of Law

Strengthening human rights and the rule of law is a key function of UN peacekeeping. Missions work to train law enforcement and judicial officials, establish human rights monitoring mechanisms, and assist in drafting and implementing laws that protect fundamental rights. They also ensure accountability for war crimes and human rights violations, contributing to long-term justice and governance reforms in conflict-affected areas.

India’s Historical Contribution to UN Peacekeeping

India’s association with UN peacekeeping began in 1953 with its participation in the Korean War. Since then, Indian peacekeepers have been actively involved in several high-risk operations. Their efforts have spanned multiple continents, reinforcing India’s global image as a responsible and committed peacekeeping nation.

India has consistently supported UN peacekeeping through:

• Deployment of infantry battalions, medical personnel, and engineering units in conflict zones.
• Training and capacity-building initiatives, particularly for peacekeepers from the Global South.
• Active involvement in women’s peacekeeping roles, exemplified by the all-female Indian Formed Police Unit (FPU) in Liberia.

Recognizing Sacrifices and Contributions

In 2023, the UN posthumously awarded the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal to Indian peacekeepers Shishupal Singh and Sanwala Ram Vishnoi, and UN civilian worker Shaber Taher Ali for their sacrifices in the Democratic Republic of Congo. These honors reflect India’s unwavering commitment to peace and security.

India’s Policy Approach to UN Peacekeeping

India has been a vocal advocate for reforms in UN peacekeeping operations, emphasizing:

Enhanced Mandates for Peacekeeping Missions

India has consistently advocated for more robust and dynamic mandates for UN peacekeeping missions, emphasizing the need for peacekeepers to play a proactive role in conflict resolution rather than merely acting as observers. India believes that traditional peacekeeping methods are insufficient in regions plagued by violent extremism, insurgency, and internal strife. Therefore, it supports stronger rules of engagement that empower peacekeepers to respond effectively to threats, ensuring better protection for civilians and the stability of conflict-ridden regions.

Expanding Women’s Role in Peacekeeping

Recognizing the crucial role of women in peacekeeping, India has taken significant steps to promote gender-inclusive participation in global security missions. The Conference on Women Peacekeepers from the Global South, held in February 2025 in New Delhi, reinforced India’s commitment to this cause. India has set a precedent by deploying female personnel in critical conflict zones such as Liberia and South Sudan, demonstrating the positive impact of women’s involvement in peacekeeping operations. Their contributions not only enhance community engagement and trust but also improve the overall effectiveness of missions.

Strengthening South-South Cooperation in Peacekeeping

India has played a leading role in fostering South-South cooperation in peacekeeping by providing extensive training and capacity-building programs for peacekeepers from developing nations. Through the Centre for UN Peacekeeping (CUNPK) in New Delhi, India has trained thousands of peacekeepers, enhancing their operational effectiveness in conflict zones. In 2023, India further strengthened its commitment by offering specialized training programs for ASEAN nations, bolstering regional peacekeeping capabilities and ensuring that peacekeeping forces from the Global South are better equipped to handle evolving security challenges.

Pushing for Permanent Membership in the UN Security Council (UNSC)

As the largest troop-contributing nation to UN peacekeeping, India has strongly advocated for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). India argues that its substantial contributions to global peace and security should be recognized by granting it a more decisive role in UN decision-making processes. Additionally, India has been a vocal proponent of greater financial and logistical support for troop-contributing nations (TCNs), ensuring that countries supplying peacekeeping forces receive adequate resources and recognition for their critical role in maintaining global stability.

Future of India in UN Peacekeeping

With evolving geopolitical dynamics, India is likely to play a more strategic role in shaping the future of UN peacekeeping by:

• Leveraging technology for intelligence gathering and surveillance in missions.
• Advocating for clear exit strategies for peacekeeping missions to ensure long-term stability.
• Strengthening partnerships with regional organizations such as the African Union (AU) and ASEAN for joint peacekeeping efforts.
• Promoting accountability mechanisms to prevent human rights violations in peacekeeping missions.

India’s legacy in UN peacekeeping is a testament to its unwavering commitment to global security and humanitarianism. By pushing for structural reforms, advocating for a larger role in decision-making, and promoting gender inclusivity, India continues to shape the future of peacekeeping in a multipolar world. The country’s proactive policy approach not only enhances global peace efforts but also reinforces its status as a responsible and influential global leader.

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AI Compute and Semiconductor Infrastructure

India is rapidly building a strong AI computing and semiconductor infrastructure to support its growing digital economy. With the approval of the IndiaAI Mission in 2024, the government allocated ₹10,300 crore over five years to strengthen AI capabilities. A key focus of this mission is the development of a high-end common computing facility equipped with 18,693 Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), making it one of the most extensive AI compute infrastructures globally. This capacity is nearly nine times that of the open-source AI model DeepSeek and about two-thirds of what ChatGPT operates on.

Here are the key developments:

Scaling AI Compute Infrastructure: In the first phase of the IndiaAI Mission, 10,000 GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) have been made available, with more to be added soon. GPUs are essential for running AI models efficiently, especially for tasks like natural language processing and computer vision. By expanding GPU availability, India is ensuring that AI solutions are developed in Indian languages and tailored to local contexts, rather than relying solely on foreign technology.

Opening Access to High-Performance Computing: Many countries have AI infrastructure controlled by big tech companies, making it expensive and inaccessible for small businesses and researchers. India has taken a different approach by launching an open GPU marketplace. This initiative makes high-performance computing affordable and accessible for startups, students, and researchers, enabling them to build AI solutions without depending on global tech monopolies.

Robust GPU Supply Chain: The government has strategically selected 10 companies to supply GPUs, ensuring a stable and diversified supply chain. This move prevents over-reliance on a single vendor and safeguards India’s AI ecosystem from potential supply disruptions.

Indigenous GPU Capabilities: To reduce dependence on imported AI hardware, India has set an ambitious goal to develop its own GPU within the next three to five years. This initiative will boost self-reliance, strengthen India’s position in AI technology, and create new opportunities for domestic semiconductor and hardware manufacturing.

Affordable Compute Access: Recognizing the high cost of AI computing, the government is setting up a common compute facility where researchers and startups can access GPU power at ₹100 per hour—a significant reduction from the global rate of $2.5 to $3 per hour (₹200-250). This will greatly benefit AI startups and academic researchers, making AI development much more cost-effective in India.

Strengthening Semiconductor Manufacturing: India is also making significant progress in semiconductor manufacturing, which is crucial for AI hardware. Currently, five semiconductor plants are under construction, aiming to make India a major player in the global semiconductor industry. This will not only support AI innovation but also boost the electronics sector, reduce dependency on imports, and enhance national security by securing India’s AI supply chain.

These developments mark a game-changing shift in India’s AI landscape. By making high-performance computing accessible and affordable, developing indigenous AI capabilities, and strengthening semiconductor manufacturing, India is laying the foundation to become a global AI powerhouse by 2047, in line with the vision of Viksit Bharat.

Advancing AI with Open Data and Centres of Excellence (CoE)

Recognising the importance of data in AI development, the Modi government has launched the IndiaAI Dataset Platform to provide seamless access to high-quality, non-personal datasets. This platform will house the largest collection of anonymised data, empowering Indian startups and researchers to develop advanced AI applications. By ensuring diverse and abundant datasets, this initiative will drive AI-driven solutions across key sectors, enhancing innovation and accuracy.

IndiaAI Dataset Platform for Open Data Access: The government is launching a unified repository of high-quality, anonymized datasets to support Indian startups and researchers. Currently, many AI models require extensive real-world data to improve their accuracy, but access to quality datasets is often limited. By removing barriers to data access, this platform will enable innovators to train better AI models without relying on expensive or private datasets.

Boosting AI Model Accuracy with Diverse Data: AI models perform best when trained on diverse, high-volume, and unbiased datasets. This initiative will provide large-scale, non-personal datasets covering critical areas such as agriculture, weather forecasting, and traffic management. By doing so, it will help reduce biases in AI applications, leading to more accurate, reliable, and contextually relevant AI solutions for India.

Centres of Excellence (CoEs) for AI: To drive research and innovation, the government has set up three AI Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in Healthcare, Agriculture, and Sustainable Cities in New Delhi. These centers focus on developing AI-powered solutions for public welfare, such as AI-driven diagnostics and medical advancements in healthcare, precision farming in agriculture, and smart urban planning for sustainable cities. The Union Budget 2025 further announced the establishment of a fourth AI CoE in education, with a ₹500 crore budget allocation. This will focus on AI-driven learning tools, personalized education platforms, and skill enhancement programs.

Skilling for AI-Driven Industries: To equip India’s workforce with industry-relevant AI expertise, the government plans to establish five National Centres of Excellence for AI Skilling. These centres will provide cutting-edge AI training, helping young professionals build skills in AI-driven manufacturing, automation, and industrial applications. Developed in collaboration with global partners, this initiative aligns with India’s ‘Make for India, Make for the World’ vision, ensuring that India becomes a global leader in AI-powered industries.

India’s AI Models & Language Technologies

The government is facilitating the development of India’s own foundational models, including Large Language Models (LLMs) and problem-specific AI solutions tailored to Indian needs. To foster AI research, multiple Centres of Excellence have also been set up.

India’s Foundational Large Language Models (LLMs): IndiaAI has launched an initiative to develop indigenous foundational AI models, including Large Language Models (LLMs) and Small Language Models (SLMs). These models will be designed to cater to India-specific linguistic and contextual needs, ensuring that AI advancements align with local requirements. By issuing a call for proposals, the government aims to encourage researchers and tech companies to contribute to the development of India’s own AI-powered language models, reducing dependency on foreign AI systems.

Digital India BHASHINI: To bridge the digital divide and promote language inclusivity, the Digital India BHASHINI initiative is leveraging AI-driven language translation. This platform enables easy internet and digital service access in Indian languages, ensuring that non-English speakers can navigate the digital world effortlessly. BHASHINI also supports voice-based interactions and Indic content creation, making it a crucial tool for expanding digital literacy and inclusion across India.

BharatGen: The World’s First Government-Funded Multimodal LLM – Launched in 2024 in Delhi, BharatGen is the world’s first government-backed multimodal LLM initiative. It is designed to enhance public service delivery and citizen engagement through advanced AI capabilities in language processing, speech recognition, and computer vision. Developed by a consortium of AI researchers from India’s top academic institutions, BharatGen represents a significant step towards building sovereign AI solutions tailored for India’s needs.

Sarvam-1 AI Model: One of India’s most advanced language models, Sarvam-1 is optimized specifically for Indian languages. With 2 billion parameters, it supports ten major Indian languages and is designed for applications such as language translation, text summarization, and content generation. This AI model plays a crucial role in enabling multilingual digital interactions and fostering a rich ecosystem of Indic-language AI solutions.

Chitralekha: Open-Source Video Transcreation – Developed by AI4Bhārat, Chitralekha is an open-source AI-powered video transcreation platform. It allows users to generate and edit audio transcripts in multiple Indic languages, making it an essential tool for content creators, educators, and media professionals. Chitralekha is set to revolutionize the accessibility of video content, ensuring that regional language speakers can engage with digital media more effectively.

Hanooman’s Everest 1.0: A Multilingual AI Breakthrough – Developed by SML, Everest 1.0 is a multilingual AI system that currently supports 35 Indian languages, with plans to expand to 90 languages in the future. This AI model is designed to strengthen linguistic diversity in AI applications, ensuring that users from various linguistic backgrounds can benefit from AI-powered tools. Everest 1.0 is a significant milestone in India’s AI journey, as it empowers businesses, researchers, and the public with linguistically adaptive AI solutions.

AI Integration with Digital Public Infrastructure

India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) has redefined digital innovation by combining public funding with private sector-led innovation. Platforms like Aadhaar, UPI, and DigiLocker serve as the foundation, while private entities build application-specific solutions on top of them. This model is now being enhanced with AI, integrating intelligent solutions into financial and governance platforms. The global appeal of India’s DPI was evident at the G20 Summit, where several countries expressed interest in adopting similar frameworks. Japan’s patent grant to India’s UPI payment system further underscores its scalability.

For Mahakumbh 2025, AI-driven DPI solutions played a crucial role in managing the world’s largest human gathering. AI-powered tools monitored real-time railway passenger movement to optimise crowd dispersal in Prayagraj. The Bhashini-powered Kumbh Sah’AI’yak Chatbot enabled voice-based lost-and-found services, real-time translation, and multilingual assistance. Its integration with Indian Railways and UP Police streamlined communication, ensuring swift issue resolution. By leveraging AI with DPI, Mahakumbh 2025 set a global benchmark for tech-enabled, inclusive, and efficient event management.

AI Talent & Workforce Development

India’s workforce is at the heart of its digital revolution. The country is adding one Global Capability Center (GCC) every week, reinforcing its status as a preferred destination for global R&D and technological development. However, sustaining this growth will require continuous investment in education and skill development. The government is addressing this challenge by revamping university curricula to include AI, 5G, and semiconductor design, aligning with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. This ensures that graduates acquire job-ready skills, reducing the transition time between education and employment.

AI Talent Pipeline & AI Education: As part of the IndiaAI Future Skills initiative, AI education is being systematically expanded at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. levels to build a strong AI workforce. The government is providing fellowships for full-time Ph.D. scholars conducting AI research in the top 50 NIRF-ranked institutes, ensuring high-quality research output. To make AI education more accessible beyond metropolitan cities, Data and AI Labs are being established in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, bringing world-class AI learning opportunities to a broader population. A model IndiaAI Data Lab has already been set up at NIELIT Delhi, setting a precedent for future expansions.

India Ranks 1st in Global AI Skill Penetration: India has taken the top spot globally in AI skill penetration, according to the Stanford AI Index 2024. With a score of 2.8, India is ahead of major AI hubs like the US (2.2) and Germany (1.9). The concentration of AI talent in India has surged by 263% since 2016, establishing the country as a leading player in AI workforce development. Significantly, India also leads in AI skill penetration for women, with a score of 1.7, outperforming the US (1.2) and Israel (0.9). This highlights India’s inclusive approach to AI education and workforce development.

AI Innovation: India’s Growing Influence – India has emerged as the fastest-growing developer population in the world and currently ranks second in public generative AI projects on GitHub. This demonstrates India’s increasing global footprint in AI research and open-source AI development. The country is home to 16% of the world’s AI talent, further reinforcing its role as a key hub for AI innovation, adoption, and knowledge creation.

AI Talent Hubs: India’s Workforce Growth & Future Projections – According to the India Skills Report 2024 by Wheebox, India’s AI industry is projected to reach USD 28.8 billion by 2025, with an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 45%. The AI-skilled workforce in India has increased 14-fold from 2016 to 2023, making the country one of the top five fastest-growing AI talent hubs globally, alongside Singapore, Finland, Ireland, and Canada. Additionally, the demand for AI professionals in India is expected to reach 1 million by 2026, reflecting the increasing need for AI expertise across industries.

AI Adoption & Industry Growth

India’s Generative AI (GenAI) ecosystem has seen remarkable growth, even amid a global downturn. The country’s AI landscape is evolving from experimental use cases to scalable, production-ready solutions, reflecting its growing maturity.

A Pragmatic AI Regulation Approach

India’s pragmatic AI regulation balances innovation and accountability, steering clear of overregulation that could stifle growth and unchecked market-driven governance that may create monopolies. Instead of relying solely on legislation, India is investing in AI-driven safeguards, funding top universities and IITs to develop solutions for deep fakes, privacy risks, and cybersecurity threats. This techno-legal approach ensures AI remains a force for inclusive growth, fostering an ecosystem where innovation thrives while ethical concerns are proactively addressed.

India’s rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, underpinned by strategic government initiatives, have positioned the country as a global AI powerhouse. By expanding AI compute infrastructure, fostering indigenous AI models, enhancing digital public infrastructure, and investing in talent development, India is creating an inclusive and innovation-driven ecosystem. The emphasis on open data, affordable access to high-performance computing, and AI-driven solutions tailored to local needs ensures that the benefits of AI reach businesses, researchers, and citizens alike. As AI adoption accelerates across industries, India’s proactive approach is not only strengthening its digital economy but also paving the way for self-reliance in critical technologies. With a clear vision for the future, India is set to become a leader in AI innovation, shaping the global AI landscape in the years to come.

Source: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

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PM Modi’s decade-long efforts in AI, semiconductors, and deep tech are driving India towards becoming one of the top five AI nations. Modi’s vision is to democratize technology, making AI accessible to all, much like Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI).

India has taken a significant step towards becoming a global AI powerhouse with the launch of several groundbreaking initiatives under the IndiaAI Mission. Union Minister for Electronics & Information Technology, Railways, and Information & Broadcasting, Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw, marked this milestone during the anniversary celebration of the IndiaAI Mission in New Delhi. The newly introduced programs aim to accelerate AI-driven research, innovation, and skill development, positioning India at the forefront of artificial intelligence.

IndiaAI Mission: Seven Pillars of Growth

The IndiaAI Mission, approved in March 2024, is structured around seven core pillars:

1. IndiaAI Compute – Infrastructure to support AI research and development.
2. IndiaAI Datasets Platform – A centralized repository for AI datasets.
3. IndiaAI Application Development Initiatives – Focused on AI-driven solutions.
4. IndiaAI FutureSkills – Large-scale AI skill-building programs.
5. IndiaAI Innovation Center – A hub for AI research and development.
6. IndiaAI Startup Financing – Financial support for AI startups.
7. Safe & Trusted AI – Ensuring ethical and responsible AI development.

Empowering AI Research and Development

While speaking at the event, Union Minister Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw emphasized that the AI Compute Portal and AIKosha Platform are monumental advancements in enabling AI research and innovation in India. The AI Compute Portal, with its vast GPU resources, will provide startups, researchers, and enterprises with affordable access to high-performance computing, a crucial requirement for AI model training and deployment.

India’s progress in AI has been remarkable, securing Rank 1 in AI skill penetration and being recognized among the Top 10 AI nations globally. India’s DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) framework ensures ethically sourced and consent-based datasets, reducing reliance on synthetic and foreign data. This is a crucial step in fostering unbiased AI solutions and ensuring ethical AI practices in the country.

AI’s Role in Governance and Capacity Building

AI is increasingly being integrated into governance, with initiatives such as iGOT-AI Mission Karmayogi, which provides AI-driven learning recommendations for public officials. This move aims to enhance decision-making, improve public service delivery, and strengthen India’s digital transformation strategy.

Nearly 45% of the IndiaAI Mission’s funding is dedicated to this initiative. He noted that AI is a cross-cutting technology that can boost productivity and drive economic growth across government, corporate, and social sectors. Leveraging AI is crucial to achieving Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047 and will require a technological leap to drive progress.

Recent Developments and Future Prospects

Recently, several initiatives under the IndiaAI Mission were launched, including a call for proposals for developing indigenous foundation models, which received 67 submissions within just 15 days. Additionally, an AI Safety Institute was established to adopt a techno-legal approach for AI governance, and eight projects were announced under the Safe & Trusted AI pillar.

These groundbreaking initiatives, emphasizing that Prime Minister Modi’s decade-long efforts in AI, semiconductors, and deep tech are driving India towards becoming one of the top five AI nations. Prime Minister’s vision is to democratize technology, making AI accessible to all, much like Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI).

Key Initiatives Under the IndiaAI Mission: A Deep Dive

The IndiaAI Mission is a landmark initiative aimed at strengthening India’s AI ecosystem through research, innovation, and skill development. As part of this mission, several groundbreaking initiatives have been launched, each designed to enhance AI accessibility, drive innovation, and build a future-ready workforce. Here’s a closer look at these key initiatives:

1. AIKosha: IndiaAI Datasets Platform – Empowering AI Innovation in India

AIKosha: IndiaAI Datasets Platform is a centralized and secure repository designed to provide high-quality, ethically sourced, and consent-based datasets for AI research and development. Launched by Hon’ble Union Minister, this initiative aims to reduce reliance on synthetic and foreign data while fostering innovation across startups, academia, and enterprises. With over 300 datasets and 80 AI models, AIKosha plays a crucial role in enabling diverse and unbiased AI solutions. The platform not only enhances India’s AI ecosystem but also ensures that researchers and developers have seamless access to critical data resources essential for building cutting-edge AI applications.

Beyond serving as a dataset repository, AIKosha offers a comprehensive ecosystem equipped with advanced features to facilitate AI innovation. It provides an integrated development environment with AI sandbox capabilities, tools, and tutorials to support experimentation and model development. The platform ensures content discoverability and AI readiness scoring for datasets while maintaining robust security mechanisms, including data encryption at rest and in motion, secure API access, and firewalls for real-time filtering of malicious traffic. With permission-based access and a structured framework for data utilization, AIKosha stands as a transformative initiative driving India’s AI ambitions forward, fostering a secure, scalable, and innovation-driven AI landscape.

2. AI Compute Portal – Democratizing High-Performance AI Computing

3. AI Competency Framework for Public Sector Officials – Building AI-Driven Governance

4. iGOT-AI Mission Karmayogi – AI-Driven Learning for Public Officials

The iGOT-AI Mission Karmayogi is an advanced AI-powered learning platform designed to enhance the skills and decision-making capabilities of government officials. As part of the broader Mission Karmayogi initiative, this platform leverages artificial intelligence to provide personalized learning recommendations, enabling public servants to acquire knowledge relevant to their roles. By integrating AI-driven tools, the initiative aims to strengthen governance efficiency, streamline administrative processes, and ensure data-backed policymaking.

This AI-enabled system enhances the learning experience by tailoring content recommendations based on individual learning patterns and professional requirements. With its intelligent course suggestions and adaptive learning mechanisms, the iGOT-AI Mission Karmayogi ensures that government officials stay updated with emerging technologies, policies, and governance strategies. This initiative marks a significant step in modernizing public administration through AI, fostering a more informed and capable bureaucracy.

5. IndiaAI Startups Global Acceleration Program with Station F

6. IndiaAI Application Development Initiative

The IndiaAI Application Development Initiative (IADI) is a strategic effort to drive AI-driven innovations across critical sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, education, governance, and disaster management. By bridging the gap between AI research and real-world implementation, this initiative fosters the creation of impactful AI solutions that address pressing societal challenges. It supports the development, scaling, and adoption of AI technologies that enhance efficiency, improve public services, and contribute to large-scale socio-economic transformation.

As part of this initiative, the IndiaAI Innovation Challenge was launched to identify and promote groundbreaking AI applications. Over 900 AI solutions were submitted, targeting key areas like healthcare advancements, climate change mitigation, disaster response, governance enhancements, agricultural productivity, and learning disability support. Following a rigorous evaluation, 30 AI solutions have been shortlisted for further development, categorized under three stages of maturity—Idea, Prototype, and Existing Solutions. This initiative underscores India’s commitment to harnessing AI for social good, fostering innovation, and accelerating the adoption of AI technologies across industries.

7. IndiaAI FutureSkills

A Transformative Future for AI in India

With visionary policies, strategic investments, and global collaborations, India is rapidly emerging as a leader in AI and digital transformation. The IndiaAI Mission is set to revolutionize AI research, governance, and innovation, fostering an inclusive and responsible AI ecosystem. As India strides towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution, these initiatives will play a crucial role in defining the nation’s technological future, ensuring AI serves both its citizens and the economy effectively.

The coming decade will be critical in shaping India’s position as a global AI leader, setting a benchmark for digital transformation worldwide. With the IndiaAI Mission as a catalyst, India is well on its way to establishing itself as a digital powerhouse on the global stage.

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The Tata Electronics semiconductor fab in Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR) is a ₹91,000 crore mega-project with a production capacity of 50,000 wafer starts per month (WSPM).

In a landmark move aimed at positioning India as a global semiconductor manufacturing hub, the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), Tata Electronics Private Limited (TEPL), and Tata Semiconductor Manufacturing Private Limited (TSMPL) have signed a Fiscal Support Agreement (FSA) for India’s first commercial semiconductor fabrication unit in Dholera, Gujarat. The agreement, signed in the presence of Gujarat Chief Minister Shri Bhupendra Patel, marks a crucial step in realizing India’s ambitions of self-reliance in semiconductor manufacturing under the modified programme for semiconductor & display manufacturing ecosystem in India.

91,000 Crore Semiconductor Fab with 50% Fiscal Support

The Tata Electronics semiconductor fab in Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR) is a ₹91,000 crore mega-project with a production capacity of 50,000 wafer starts per month (WSPM). To accelerate its execution, the Government of India, through ISM, has committed to providing 50% fiscal support on a pari-passu basis for eligible project costs, demonstrating an unwavering commitment to building a world-class semiconductor ecosystem in India.

India’s Emergence as a Global Semiconductor Leader

This semiconductor fab is expected to generate over 20,000 skilled jobs, directly and indirectly, and will create a powerful technological alliance with Taiwan’s Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC). The facility will cater to critical global semiconductor markets, including automotive, computing, telecommunications, and artificial intelligence, marking India’s transition from a technology consumer to a key player in global semiconductor supply chains.

Shri Sushil Pal, CEO of the India Semiconductor Mission, emphasized, “The Government of India is committed to the timely disbursement of fiscal support for the execution of this project. This initiative underscores India’s ambitions in indigenous semiconductor manufacturing. We are confident that Tata Electronics will play a pivotal role in strengthening the electronics value chain and making a significant contribution to India’s overarching goals in this sector.”

“Chips for Viksit Bharat”: A Defining Milestone

Dr. Randhir Thakur, CEO and MD of Tata Electronics, described the FSA signing as a historic moment in India’s journey toward semiconductor self-sufficiency. He stated, “This is a historic milestone for India and Tata Electronics in its journey of establishing a semiconductor manufacturing industry in India. The Fiscal Support Agreement (FSA) solidifies our partnership with MeitY and ISM to realize our Hon’ble Prime Minister’s vision of manufacturing ‘Chips for Viksit Bharat.’ We are grateful to the MeitY and ISM leadership for their unwavering support and resolve in not only defining but operationalizing a globally leading subsidy framework through this FSA. With construction being undertaken with a great sense of urgency, Tata Electronics is deeply committed to building India’s first AI-enabled Fab in Dholera.”

Strengthening India’s Role in the Global Semiconductor Supply Chain

The semiconductor industry is crucial for technological innovation, economic growth, and national security. By establishing its first commercial semiconductor fab, India is not only creating employment opportunities but also strengthening its position as a reliable partner in global semiconductor supply chains.

The strategic fiscal support from the Government of India will accelerate the country’s semiconductor expansion, paving the way for India to become a leading player in the global semiconductor landscape. This transformative initiative is set to drive innovation, enhance supply chain resilience, and propel India into a new era of technological self-reliance, firmly aligning with the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.

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“PM-SYM will assure monthly pension for the enrolled unorganized sector workers during their old age. It is for the first time since independence that such a scheme is envisaged for the crores of workers engaged in the informal sector.”

–PM Narendra Modi

Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan (PM-SYM) is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme launched by the Government of India to provide social security to unorganised workers. This scheme ensures a minimum monthly pension of ₹3,000 after the age of 60 for workers who belong to the unorganised sector and have a monthly income of up to ₹15,000. The scheme is a tribute to the workers in the unorganised sectors who contribute around 50 per cent of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Unorganised workers are mostly engaged as home-based workers, street vendors, mid-day meal workers, head loaders, brick kiln workers, cobblers, rag pickers, domestic workers, washermen, rickshaw pullers, landless laborers, own account workers, agricultural workers, construction workers, beedi workers, handloom workers, leather workers, audio-visual workers or workers in similar other occupations. As per the e-Shram portal, there are over 30.51 crore unorganised workers registered as on 31 December 2024.

PM-SYM was introduced in the Interim Budget 2019. The scheme is administered by the Ministry of Labour and Employment in collaboration with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and Common Service Centres e-Governance Services India Limited (CSC SPV) for seamless implementation. LIC is the Pension Fund Manager and is responsible for pension payouts. The scheme is a part of the government’s broader social security initiatives and aligns with the vision of universal pension coverage for workers in the unorganised sector.

Key Features of PM-SYM

The Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan scheme provides numerous benefits, ensuring financial security in old age for unorganised sector workers. It assures a minimum pension of ₹3,000 per month after 60 years of age. The Government of India matches the worker’s contribution on a 1:1 basis. The scheme is voluntary and contributory, allowing workers to contribute based on their affordability and requirement. In the event of the beneficiary’s demise, the spouse receives 50% of the pension amount as a family pension. Family pension is applicable only to the spouse. Participants can exit the scheme under specified conditions, and eligible workers can register at Common Service Centres (CSCs) or through the Maandhan portal. The scheme is administered by LIC, ensuring financial stability and credibility.

Eligibility Criteria

To enroll in PM-SYM, individuals must be between 18 to 40 years of age and have a monthly income of ₹15,000 or less. The scheme covers workers engaged in professions such as street vendors, rag pickers, rickshaw pullers, construction workers, daily wage labourers, agricultural workers, beedi workers, domestic workers, weavers, artisans, fishermen, and leather workers. Individuals who are covered under the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF), Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), or National Pension Scheme (NPS), as well as those who are income taxpayers or receiving benefits from any other government pension scheme, are not eligible. Required documents for enrolment include an Aadhaar Card, savings bank account or Jan Dhan account details with IFSC, and a mobile number. A detailed list of professions covered under this scheme is available at https://labour.gov.in/list-professions-occupations-covered.

Contribution Structure

The contribution amount varies based on the age at the time of enrolment. For example, an 18-year-old worker contributes ₹55 per month, with the government contributing an equal amount. A 20-year-old contributes ₹65 per month, while a 25-year-old contributes ₹80 per month. Those enrolling at 30 years of age contribute ₹105 per month, whereas 35-year-olds contribute ₹150 per month. The maximum contribution of ₹200 per month applies to individuals enrolling at 40 years of age. Upon reaching 60 years, beneficiaries start receiving a fixed pension of ₹3,000 per month for their lifetime.

Enrolment Process

Enrolment in PM-SYM is facilitated through Common Service Centres (CSCs) across India. Workers need to visit a CSC with Aadhaar and a savings bank account. Biometric authentication using Aadhaar is required, followed by filling out an online registration form. The first subscription is to be paid in cash, after which an auto-debit facility is set up from the bank account. Upon successful enrolment, the worker receives a PM-SYM card. Alternatively, eligible workers can enroll through the Maandhan portal at https://maandhan.in/. Labour offices of state and central governments, LIC branch offices, ESIC/EPFO offices act as facilitation centres providing full information to unorganised workers. Additionally, a customer care number (1800 2676 888) is available 24×7 for assistance.

Implementation and Current Status

The government has taken several steps to ensure that the benefits of the scheme reach unorganised sector workers. Regular review meetings with States and UTs, discussions with state Common Services Centre (CSC) heads, and the launch of new features such as Voluntary Exit, Revival Module, Claim Status, and Account Statement have been instrumental. The revival period for dormant accounts has been extended from one year to three years. PM-SYM and e-Shram have been integrated for seamless implementation. SMS campaigns have been launched to create awareness, and communications with Chief Secretaries of States and UTs have been undertaken to boost enrolment. The ‘Donate-a-Pension’ module has been introduced to encourage employers to pay the premium of their staff under PM-SYM and increase enrolment. The government has also collaborated with the Department of Financial Services, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority, and National Institute of Public Finance and Policy to expand the outreach of the scheme.

Exit and Withdrawal Provisions

Recognizing the erratic nature of employment in the unorganised sector, the scheme offers flexible exit provisions. If a worker exits before 10 years, the contributed amount is refunded with savings bank interest. If the exit occurs after 10 years but before 60 years, the beneficiary receives their share of contribution along with accumulated interest as earned by the fund or at the savings bank interest rate, whichever is higher. In case of death before 60 years or permanent disability caused by an accident, the spouse can either continue the scheme or withdraw the contributed amount with interest. After the subscriber’s death post-60 years, the spouse receives 50% of the pension as a family pension. Upon the death of both subscriber and spouse, the entire corpus is credited back to the fund. If a subscriber defaults on payments, they can regularize contributions by clearing outstanding dues along with penalty charges, if applicable.

PM-SYM is a landmark initiative providing financial security to millions of unorganised workers. By ensuring a monthly pension of ₹3,000, it helps workers lead a dignified life post-retirement. With a significant number of enrolments and ongoing promotional efforts, PM-SYM aims to provide universal pension coverage, strengthening India’s social security framework.

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Emerging Security Threats and India’s Preparedness

Modern warfare is no longer confined to conventional battlefields. India’s security concerns have evolved beyond terrorism, separatist movements, and left-wing extremism to include cyberattacks, misinformation campaigns, and space-based espionage. According to CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team), cyberattacks on critical infrastructure in India surged by 18% in 2024, demonstrating the urgency for a robust cybersecurity framework. Furthermore, hybrid warfare, which blends conventional and unconventional tactics, requires India to develop an agile and integrated response mechanism.

Role of DRDO and Technological Advancements

DRDO has been instrumental in developing cutting-edge security solutions, from small arms and bulletproof jackets to advanced surveillance systems. The recent transfer of technology for the ASMI 9x19mm Machine Pistol to Lokesh Machinery Tool under the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative signifies a step towards self-reliance in defence manufacturing. Over 100 DRDO-developed products have been inducted into internal security agencies and disaster relief operations, reinforcing the critical role of indigenization in strengthening national security.

Integration of Technology in Disaster Management

The increasing frequency of natural disasters, such as cyclones, avalanches, and earthquakes, highlights the necessity of leveraging technology for disaster response. India witnessed over 300 major natural disasters in the past decade, affecting millions of lives. Technologies like thermal imaging cameras, drone-based detection systems, and victim locating devices have proven crucial in minimizing casualties. For instance, during the recent avalanche in Mana, Uttarakhand, advanced rescue tools such as rotary rescue saws and drone surveillance significantly reduced response time, saving lives.

Public Awareness and Civil Society Involvement

While security agencies and technology developers play a vital role, public awareness is equally crucial. Raksha Mantri stressed that every citizen should be equipped with basic crisis response knowledge, ensuring a collective approach to disaster preparedness. Initiatives such as community disaster management training and digital awareness campaigns can enhance public resilience against emergencies.

Regional Security Challenges and Tailored Solutions

Security threats in India are diverse and region-specific. The challenges faced in the Northeast due to insurgencies differ from those in Naxal-affected areas or border regions. Urban security concerns, such as cybercrimes and organized crime networks, require distinct strategies compared to rural security issues. Focused conferences and research on region-specific threats will enable the formulation of tailored policies and solutions.

India’s national security must be viewed through a holistic lens, integrating technological advancements, policy reforms, and public participation. The collaboration between MHA and DRDO marks a significant step towards enhancing internal security and disaster preparedness. As threats evolve, India’s security framework must remain adaptable, leveraging innovation and strategic foresight to safeguard national interests. A unified and technologically empowered security apparatus will be the cornerstone of a resilient and self-reliant India.

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Building an Innovation Ecosystem

The government’s commitment to fostering a strong innovation ecosystem is evident in initiatives such as the DISHA Program (Developing Innovations, Successful Harnessing, and Adoption), which aims to strengthen India’s knowledge economy and bolster Atmanirbhar Bharat. The program supports faculty members and students in pioneering disruptive technologies across multiple disciplines, ensuring that India remains at the forefront of global innovation.

To further integrate research across domains, the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has been launched. This initiative bridges the gap between science, humanities, and social sciences, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations that will drive India’s research landscape towards greater innovation and practical implementation.

Strategic Focus on Deep-Tech and Emerging Technologies

India’s future economic growth will be defined by homegrown advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), biotechnology, and quantum computing. With AI-driven innovations revolutionizing healthcare, India is already deploying mobile telemedicine units and AI-powered diagnostics to make high-quality healthcare more accessible. However, as Dr. Jitendra Singh emphasized, AI must complement human intelligence rather than replace it. A balanced approach integrating AI with human expertise will ensure sustainable and ethical technological adoption.

In addition, India’s push towards deep-tech research in biotechnology and quantum computing will unlock new frontiers in healthcare, data security, and industrial automation. These advancements will not only make India self-reliant in critical sectors but will also enhance its global competitiveness.

Private Sector Participation and Policy Shifts

A key policy transformation has been the opening up of strategic sectors such as space technology and nuclear research to private players. Previously the domain of government institutions, these sectors are now witnessing rapid advancements through private sector involvement. Startups and industry leaders are contributing to satellite development, launch services, and space-based applications, accelerating India’s presence in the global space economy. Similarly, the government’s decision to involve private enterprises in nuclear energy is a game-changer for energy security and sustainability.

R&D as a Catalyst for Economic Growth

Investment in research and development is not merely an academic or scientific pursuit; it is a critical driver of economic growth. By supporting young innovators and promoting industry-academia collaboration, India is nurturing a pipeline of skilled professionals and entrepreneurs who will shape its technological future. The government’s vision aligns with making India not just a consumer of global technologies but a leading creator and exporter of cutting-edge solutions.

Vision 2047: A Knowledge-Based Economy for Viksit Bharat

As India moves towards its centenary of independence in 2047, its trajectory must be shaped by sustained investments in knowledge creation, research commercialization, and human capital development. The government’s unwavering focus on deep-tech research, skill development, and policy reforms will be instrumental in positioning India as a global innovation powerhouse. With young innovators leading the charge, India’s journey towards Viksit Bharat will be characterized by self-reliance, technological leadership, and inclusive growth.

In conclusion, the doubling of R&D expenditure in the last decade is not just a statistic; it is a testament to India’s determination to build a knowledge-driven economy. By prioritizing research, fostering industry-academia partnerships, and enabling private sector participation, India is laying the foundation for a future that is defined by innovation, resilience, and global leadership.

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Circular Economy & Principles

A Circular Economy is an economic system aimed at minimizing waste and making the most of resources. It contrasts with the traditional linear economy (take, make, dispose) by keeping products, materials, and resources in use for as long as possible. The circular economy focuses on reducing waste, reusing materials, repairing and refurbishing products, and recycling resources to create a closed-loop system that promotes sustainability. The circular economy is built on three key principles: designing out waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems. By focusing on waste prevention at the design stage, businesses can create products and processes that minimize environmental impact from the outset. Extending the lifespan of products through repair, refurbishment, and remanufacturing ensures that materials remain in circulation for as long as possible, reducing the need for virgin resources. Additionally, the circular economy promotes the use of biodegradable materials and ecosystem restoration by returning essential nutrients to the environment, fostering a regenerative approach to sustainability.

India’s Role in the 12th Regional 3R and Circular Economy Forum

The forum serves as a key platform for policymakers, industry leaders, researchers, and development partners to drive sustainable solutions for waste management and resource efficiency. Hosted by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs, the event was attended by dignitaries from various countries, reinforcing India’s commitment to the global sustainability agenda. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in his special message to the forum, emphasized India’s ‘Pro Planet People’ (P-3) approach, highlighting the nation’s dedication to fostering global knowledge-sharing and collaboration in circular economy practices.

Key Announcements:

Cities Coalition for Circularity (C-3): This is a global initiative announced by India’s Union Minister of Housing & Urban Affairs to promote collaboration between cities worldwide on circular economy practices. The coalition will help cities share knowledge, best practices, and innovative strategies for sustainable urban development. Additionally, it will encourage partnerships with the private sector to drive large-scale implementation of circular economy principles, making urban areas more sustainable and resource-efficient.

CITIIS 2.0 Initiative: The City Investments to Innovate, Integrate, and Sustain (CITIIS) 2.0 program is a significant step in improving urban infrastructure through climate-focused and waste management projects. With agreements worth ₹1,800 crores, this initiative will support 18 cities across 14 states in implementing sustainable urban development strategies. By integrating waste management and climate action into urban planning, CITIIS 2.0 will serve as a model for other cities to follow, ensuring long-term environmental and economic benefits.

Global Plastics Treaty Negotiations: India has reaffirmed its dedication to reducing plastic pollution by actively participating in global negotiations for a legally binding plastics treaty. This initiative aims to establish international guidelines to control plastic waste, encourage recycling, and promote sustainable alternatives. By engaging in these discussions, India seeks to contribute to global efforts in tackling plastic pollution and transitioning toward a circular economy.

India Pavilion & 3R Trade Exhibition: The India Pavilion at the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Trade Exhibition showcased the country’s innovative solutions in sustainable waste management. With participation from over 40 businesses and start-ups, the exhibition highlighted successful waste-to-wealth initiatives, green entrepreneurship, and community-led recycling programs. This platform provided an opportunity for businesses to demonstrate new technologies, exchange ideas, and attract investment in sustainable waste management and circular economy practices.

India’s Landmark Circular Economy Initiatives

1.    Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U)

The Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U) has been a game-changer in India’s urban sanitation and waste management landscape, emphasizing the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) principles. As of February 2025, the mission has exceeded expectations, achieving 108.62% of its household toilet construction target, with 6.37 million toilets built against the planned 5.89 million. This has significantly improved access to sanitation, reducing open defecation and promoting hygiene in urban areas.

Additionally, 80.29% of solid waste generated in urban India is now processed sustainably, marking a significant leap toward a circular economy. Through initiatives like source segregation, composting, waste-to-energy projects, and extended producer responsibility (EPR) for plastic waste, SBM-U has transformed waste management into an opportunity for economic and environmental sustainability. The program has also fostered community participation, strengthened municipal capacities, and encouraged public-private partnerships, making urban sanitation more efficient and resilient.

With a continued focus on zero waste cities, scientific landfill management, and circular economy integration, SBM-U is not just a sanitation initiative but a movement driving India towards cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable urban environments.

2.    GOBAR-Dhan Scheme

The GOBAR-Dhan (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources-Dhan) Scheme is a key initiative under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) that promotes a circular economy by converting organic waste into valuable resources like biogas, bio-CNG, and organic fertilizers. This initiative not only enhances waste-to-wealth solutions but also supports rural livelihoods, sustainable agriculture, and clean energy generation.

As of February 2025, the scheme has been successfully implemented in 67.8% of districts across India, with over 1,008 operational biogas plants playing a crucial role in managing cattle dung, agricultural residue, and organic waste. These plants reduce methane emissions, improve sanitation in rural areas, and provide an alternative to chemical fertilizers, benefiting farmers with cost-effective organic manure.

Additionally, the GOBAR-Dhan Scheme aligns with India’s climate action goals by reducing dependency on fossil fuels, promoting decentralized energy solutions, and fostering rural entrepreneurship through biogas-based enterprises. With increasing government support, technological advancements, and community participation, the initiative is set to accelerate India’s journey toward sustainable waste management, rural economic growth, and environmental conservation.

3.    E-Waste Management Rules (2022)

With the rapid expansion of the electronics industry, managing electronic waste (e-waste) has become a critical challenge. India has made significant strides in adopting circular economy principles to ensure efficient e-waste collection, recycling, and resource recovery. By focusing on responsible disposal, refurbishment, and material extraction, the country is moving towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to electronic waste management.

In FY 2024-25, India collected 5,82,769 metric tons (MT) of e-waste and successfully recycled 5,18,240 MT, showcasing a strong commitment to sustainable waste management. However, compared to FY 2023-24, where 7,98,493 MT of e-waste was collected and 7,68,406 MT was recycled, there has been a decline in e-waste processing volumes, highlighting the need for greater awareness, infrastructure expansion, and policy interventions.

The government’s push for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and the promotion of formal recycling units have played a key role in reducing landfill pollution, recovering precious metals like gold, silver, and copper, and preventing hazardous substances from contaminating the environment. Moving forward, India aims to strengthen its reverse logistics systems, encourage innovations in e-waste recycling technology, and enhance public-private partnerships to establish a more robust and efficient circular economy framework for electronic waste.

4.    Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for Plastics

India has taken proactive measures to tackle plastic pollution by enforcing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policies, which mandate industries to manage the plastic waste they generate. Under this framework, manufacturers, importers, and brand owners are accountable for collecting and recycling plastic waste, thereby promoting a circular economy and reducing environmental damage.

A historic milestone in this journey was achieved on July 1, 2022, when India imposed a nationwide ban on single-use plastics. This step significantly curtailed the production and consumption of items like plastic cutlery, straws, plates, and polythene bags, which were among the major contributors to plastic waste. As a result, there has been a notable reduction in plastic pollution, especially in urban centers and water bodies.

Additionally, India is actively promoting waste-to-value innovations, encouraging biodegradable alternatives, and strengthening plastic waste management infrastructure through recycling hubs, material recovery facilities, and awareness campaigns. With continued efforts, India aims to build a sustainable, plastic-free future, aligning with its broader vision of environmental conservation and resource efficiency.

India’s Leadership in Circular Economy at the Global Level

India’s commitment to a circular economy aligns with global sustainability goals, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. Through proactive policies and innovative strategies, the country is fostering sustainable production and consumption, accelerating progress towards carbon neutrality, and ensuring the responsible utilization of resources.

The adoption of circular economy principles directly contributes to SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). By promoting resource efficiency, waste reduction, and sustainable industrial practices, India is addressing key environmental challenges while driving economic growth. Additionally, through its ambitious carbon neutrality targets, India is integrating circular economy strategies to achieve its 2070 net-zero emissions goal, ensuring a long-term transition towards a low-carbon and resilient economy.

India’s leadership in international collaborations further reinforces its commitment to global sustainability. The country plays a crucial role in negotiations for the Global Plastics Treaty, advocating for a legally binding framework to combat plastic pollution. Additionally, its active participation in regional 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) initiatives highlights India’s influence in shaping sustainability policies and fostering cross-border cooperation in waste management and resource efficiency. Through these concerted efforts, India is emerging as a global leader in the circular economy, setting an example for other nations to follow.

How Circular Economy Strengthens the Vision of Viksit Bharat

Viksit Bharat envisions India as a developed nation by 2047, built on the pillars of economic resilience, sustainability, and innovation. The circular economy plays a transformative role in achieving this vision by ensuring efficient resource utilization, environmental conservation, and industrial progress.

Enhancing Economic Growth: A circular economy reduces reliance on raw materials by maximizing resource efficiency, leading to cost savings for industries and boosting economic stability. By encouraging reuse, recycling, and sustainable production, businesses can reduce waste and improve profitability, contributing to long-term economic resilience.

Creating Green Jobs: Circular economy initiatives, such as waste management, recycling, and sustainable product development, create millions of employment opportunities in emerging green sectors. From e-waste recycling to composting and sustainable packaging, these initiatives empower local communities and drive inclusive economic growth.

Promoting Energy Security: By harnessing waste-to-energy solutions, India can significantly enhance its renewable energy capacity. Programs like GOBAR-Dhan are transforming organic waste into biogas and bio-fertilizers, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and contributing to clean energy generation, thereby strengthening energy security.

Strengthening Environmental Sustainability: Shifting from a linear to a circular economy helps in reducing pollution, conserving natural resources, and mitigating climate change impacts. Sustainable waste management practices, such as extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies and single-use plastic bans, ensure a cleaner and healthier environment.

Encouraging Technological Innovation: The circular economy fosters technological advancements in recycling, material recovery, and sustainable manufacturing. India’s investment in advanced recycling technologies positions the country as a global leader in green innovations, driving sustainable industrial growth and reinforcing its commitment to Viksit Bharat 2047.

India’s leadership in the circular economy is a testament to its commitment to sustainability and inclusive development. Through landmark policies, global collaborations, and innovative initiatives, India is not only addressing its own waste management challenges but also setting a precedent for the world. The 12th Regional 3R and Circular Economy Forum in Jaipur reinforces India’s proactive stance in promoting resource efficiency, climate resilience, and economic sustainability. As the nation moves towards Viksit Bharat, integrating circular economy principles will play a defining role in building a resilient, prosperous, and environmentally sustainable future for generations to come.

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The Indian government has allocated ₹7210 Crore for e-Courts Phase III, with ₹53.57 Crore dedicated to AI and Blockchain integration in High Courts. This reflects a significant commitment to a tech-enabled judicial future.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into India’s judiciary and law enforcement is heralding a new era of efficiency, accessibility, and decision-making. As the country modernizes its legal framework, AI is not just an enabler but a force multiplier, streamlining case management, expediting judicial processes, and enhancing crime prevention mechanisms.

With a vast judicial backlog and the increasing complexity of legal disputes, the Indian judiciary has long faced the challenge of delays and inefficiencies. The advent of AI-powered technologies—Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and Predictive Analytics—is now helping to automate routine tasks, optimize court procedures, and improve transparency. Initiatives such as the e-Courts Project Phase III, AI-driven legal translation, and predictive policing are paving the way for a more responsive and citizen-centric justice system.

This article explores how AI is transforming India’s legal ecosystem, its current applications, and the roadmap to an AI-powered judiciary and law enforcement system.

AI in the e-Courts Project (Phase III):

The e-Courts Project, under the Supreme Court of India, is a landmark initiative aimed at leveraging AI for judicial efficiency. The ongoing Phase III integrates cutting-edge AI solutions, focusing on automation, accessibility, and enhanced decision-making.

Key AI Applications in e-Courts:

Automated Case Management: AI-powered scheduling and case prioritization are reducing judicial delays by intelligently allocating resources and forecasting potential bottlenecks.

AI in Legal Research and Documentation: Advanced AI tools assist in legal research by identifying precedents, summarizing judgments, and improving consistency in legal interpretation.

AI-Assisted Filing and Court Procedures: NLP and OCR technologies are revolutionizing documentation by enabling faster digitization, automated filings, and reduced manual errors.

AI for User Assistance and Chatbots: AI-driven chatbots provide real-time case updates, procedural guidance, and legal assistance, making justice more accessible to citizens.

Predictive Case Outcome Analysis: AI models analyze past rulings to provide judges and lawyers with predictive insights, aiding in case strategy formulation and judicial efficiency.

Budget and Implementation

The Indian government has allocated ₹7210 Crore for e-Courts Phase III, with ₹53.57 Crore dedicated to AI and Blockchain integration in High Courts. This reflects a significant commitment to a tech-enabled judicial future.

AI for Legal Translation and Language Accessibility

A major barrier to justice in India is the linguistic diversity of litigants. While English dominates legal proceedings, AI-powered language translation tools are ensuring wider accessibility. AI-driven platforms now provide real-time translations of judgments, case filings, and legal arguments into multiple Indian languages, ensuring no litigant is disadvantaged due to language barriers.

AI in Law Enforcement and Crime Prevention: The Future of Smart Policing

AI is revolutionizing policing by enhancing crime detection, surveillance, and intelligence gathering.

Key AI Applications in Law Enforcement:

Predictive Policing: AI-driven crime pattern analysis enables law enforcement to anticipate criminal activities and deploy resources proactively.

AI for Surveillance and Investigation:

• Facial recognition integrated with national criminal databases enhances suspect identification.
• AI-powered forensic analysis accelerates evidence examination, aiding cybercrime investigations.
• Drone-based crime monitoring provides real-time surveillance of high-risk zones.

AI in FIR Filing and Judicial Proceedings:

• Speech-to-text AI automates real-time FIR documentation.
• AI-powered testimony analysis strengthens witness credibility assessments.

Data-Driven Crime Tracking and Intelligence:

• AI enhances Crime and Criminal Tracking Network Systems (CCTNS).
• Integration of AI into e-Prisons and e-Forensics databases ensures seamless cross-agency coordination.

AI and 5G: The Role of Vimarsh 2023 Hackathon in Law Enforcement

The Vimarsh 2023 5G Hackathon, led by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D), explored AI-driven solutions for law enforcement. Innovations showcased include:

• Voice-recognition-based AI for FIR filing.
• Drone-based suspect tracking and crime surveillance.
• Augmented Reality (AR) crime scene reconstruction.
• AI-driven predictive analytics for national security and policing.

Ethical and Legal Considerations: The Road Ahead

While AI-driven judicial transformation is promising, challenges remain:

Data Security and Privacy: AI adoption must comply with robust data protection frameworks to safeguard sensitive legal information.

Bias in AI Algorithms: AI models must be trained on diverse datasets to avoid systemic biases in legal and law enforcement decision-making.

Legal and Ethical Oversight: AI-driven judgments and policing decisions must have human oversight to ensure justice is served fairly.

The fusion of AI with India’s judiciary and law enforcement is reshaping justice delivery, making it faster, more transparent, and citizen-centric. AI-driven predictive analytics, legal automation, smart policing, and multilingual accessibility are addressing long-standing inefficiencies. However, responsible AI governance is essential to uphold fairness, transparency, and constitutional safeguards.

With continued investment, policy reforms, and AI innovation, India is on the cusp of an intelligent, automated, and future-ready judicial ecosystem. The integration of AI will not replace human judgment but will empower courts and law enforcement to deliver timely and efficient justice, upholding the vision of Viksit Bharat.

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In 2014, rural areas received an average electricity supply of just 12.5 hours per day, which has now increased to an impressive 22.6 hours in 2025.

India’s power sector has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past decade under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The government’s focus on accessibility, sustainability, and efficiency has led to significant improvements in rural and urban electrification, transmission infrastructure, renewable energy expansion, and energy efficiency. This research-based article explores the key advancements in India’s power sector, backed by data and policy innovations.

Power Accessibility and Focus on Tribal and Border Areas

One of the major achievements of the Modi government is the extensive electrification of rural and urban areas. In 2014, rural areas received an average electricity supply of just 12.5 hours per day, which has now increased to an impressive 22.6 hours in 2025. Similarly, urban areas enjoy 23.4 hours of electricity supply in 2025 compared to previous years. This progress has been driven by flagship initiatives such as the Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and PM Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (SAUBHAGYA), which ensured last-mile connectivity. Additionally, the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PVTG) has played a crucial role in providing electricity to particularly vulnerable tribal groups, ensuring inclusivity in India’s development story.

Fossil and Non-Fossil Power Generation: A Sustainable Future

The Modi government has taken a balanced approach towards increasing power generation while transitioning towards a cleaner energy mix. Fossil-based power capacity increased significantly from 168 GW in 2014 to 246 GW in January 2025, marking a 46% growth. However, the most remarkable achievement has been the 180% rise in non-fossil power capacity, which surged from 80 GW in 2014 to approximately 220 GW in 2025. This aligns with India’s commitment to global climate goals and its ambitious target of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030.

Transmission Growth: Strengthening the Power Network

A robust transmission network is the backbone of a reliable power supply. India’s transmission infrastructure has witnessed an exponential expansion under the Modi government. The total transmission network length increased from 2.91 lakh circuit kilometers (ckm) in 2014 to 4.92 lakh ckm in 2025, ensuring seamless power distribution across states.

India as a Net Power Exporter

For the first time, India has transitioned from being a net power importer in 2014 to a net power exporter by 2025. In 2014, India imported 5,555 MU of power while exporting only 2,288 MU, making it a net importer with a deficit of 3,267 MU. However, in 2025, India’s power exports reached 9,980 MU, surpassing imports, and establishing the nation as a net exporter with a surplus of 1,625 MU.

Reduction in Power Shortage: Bridging the Gap

Energy shortages have drastically reduced under the Modi government’s strategic interventions. The shortage gap, which stood at 4.2% in 2014, has now plummeted to a mere 0.1% in 2025, ensuring a near-continuous power supply for consumers.

DISCOM Reforms: AT&C Loss Reduction

A critical challenge in India’s power sector has been Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C) losses, which have historically burdened power distribution companies (DISCOMs). Through initiatives like the Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) and structural reforms, AT&C losses have declined from 22.62% in 2014 to 15% in 2025, with a further reduction target of 10% by 2030. These reforms have enhanced operational efficiency, reduced financial losses, and improved consumer services.

Smart Meter Implementation: Enhancing Energy Management

Smart meters have revolutionized energy consumption and billing accuracy. Under the Modi government’s leadership, 2.13 crore smart meters have already been installed, with an ambitious target of 19.8 crore smart meters, 52.5 lakh Distribution Transformer Meters (DTRs), and 2.1 lakh feeder meters to be deployed nationwide. This move is expected to significantly curb power theft and improve revenue collection.

Energy Efficiency and Carbon Reduction: A Greener Future

The government’s energy efficiency initiatives have led to an annual energy savings of 53 MTOE (Million Tons of Oil Equivalent) in 2024, translating into 321 million tons of CO2 emissions reduction. Programs such as Perform, Achieve & Trade (PAT), Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA), and Sustainable Building Codes have played pivotal roles in reducing India’s carbon footprint while ensuring cost savings for consumers.

Promoting Electric Vehicles: A Vision for Sustainable Mobility

Recognizing the potential of electric vehicles (EVs) in reducing dependency on fossil fuels, the Modi government has set an ambitious target to establish 1 lakh EV charging stations by 2030. The Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme has provided incentives for EV adoption, accelerating the transition towards a sustainable transport ecosystem.

Conclusion: Powering a Self-Reliant India

The last decade has witnessed unprecedented progress in India’s power sector, driven by policy reforms, technological advancements, and a commitment to sustainability. From expanding electrification and strengthening transmission networks to increasing renewable energy capacity and reducing power shortages, the Modi government has successfully positioned India as a global leader in the energy domain. With continued focus on efficiency, innovation, and sustainability, India is on track to achieve energy security, universal access, and a cleaner future.

Under PM Modi’s leadership, the vision of ‘24×7 Power for All’ is no longer a distant dream but a reality shaping India’s journey towards becoming a Viksit Bharat by 2047.

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India’s electronics exports have witnessed unprecedented growth. In 2015, the sector ranked 167th in export volume, whereas in 2025, it is projected to rank second.

India’s electronics industry is poised for a transformative leap, with the ambition of becoming a global leader in manufacturing and exports. Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Shri Piyush Goyal, emphasized the need for resilient supply chains, quality enhancement, and competitive pricing to establish India as a one-stop shop for electrical goods. With an ambitious target of achieving USD 100 billion in international trade exports over the next seven years, India’s electronics sector is set to redefine its global standing.

Strengthening Supply Chains and Enhancing Quality Standards

For India to achieve this ambitious target, the industry must prioritize the creation of robust and resilient supply chains. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global supply networks, emphasizing the need for localized manufacturing capabilities. By focusing on backward integration, India can reduce dependency on imports, particularly for critical components like semiconductors and printed circuit boards (PCBs).

India must also upgrade its quality standards to ensure global competitiveness. Organizations like the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association (IEEMA) should work in tandem with industry stakeholders to align domestic production with international benchmarks such as IEC and ISO certifications. High-quality goods at competitive rates will help India position itself as a reliable alternative to global players like China and Taiwan.

Balancing Industry Growth and Consumer Interests

Minister Goyal highlighted the importance of striking a balance between protecting the domestic industry and ensuring consumer benefits. While policies supporting the MSME sector are essential for industrial growth, excessive protectionism can hinder competition and innovation. The electronics industry must work towards increasing efficiency, lowering production costs, and leveraging economies of scale to provide affordable yet high-quality products to both domestic and international consumers.

Rapid Growth in Electronics Exports

India’s electronics exports have witnessed unprecedented growth. In 2015, the sector ranked 167th in export volume, whereas in 2025, it is projected to rank second. The monthly export volume of electronic goods in January 2025 alone stood at USD 3 billion. This growth has been fueled by government initiatives such as the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, which has encouraged domestic manufacturing and foreign investment.

Expansion of Infrastructure and Workforce Development

A significant factor contributing to India’s electronics growth is the rapid expansion of transmission infrastructure and renewable energy capacity. Over the past decade, the industry has doubled its transmission network and installed renewable energy capacity, providing a strong foundation for sustainable industrial growth. Additionally, the establishment of 1,800 Global Capability Centres (GCCs) has played a crucial role in research, development, and innovation within the sector.

With one of the world’s largest pools of STEM graduates, India is well-positioned to develop a future-ready workforce. Government-backed initiatives such as the Skill India Mission and the National Policy on Electronics (NPE) 2019 aim to bridge the skill gap and promote technological advancements in the sector.

India as a Trusted Global Partner

The theme of ‘Bharat – The Vishwa Mitra’ underscores India’s vision of engaging with the world on an equitable and mutually beneficial basis. India’s commitment to fair trade practices, along with its emphasis on high-quality manufacturing, positions it as a trusted global partner.

Through flagship initiatives like ‘Digital India,’ ‘Make in India,’ ‘Design in India,’ and ‘Serve from India,’ the government is fostering an ecosystem that encourages innovation, enhances local production, and integrates India into global value chains.

Policy Interventions and Future Roadmap

To achieve the USD 100 billion export target, India needs a comprehensive policy framework addressing:

1. Incentivization of Domestic Manufacturing: Strengthening the PLI scheme and promoting R&D investments.
2. Infrastructure Development: Expanding industrial clusters and enhancing logistics efficiency.
3. Trade Facilitation: Reducing tariff barriers and negotiating favorable trade agreements.
4. Technology Adoption: Encouraging AI, IoT, and automation in electronics manufacturing.
5. Sustainability Initiatives: Promoting green manufacturing and energy-efficient production processes.

India’s ambition to become a global hub for electronics manufacturing and exports is backed by strong policy support, industrial expansion, and workforce development. By fostering innovation, strengthening supply chains, and maintaining high-quality standards, India can not only achieve its export targets but also establish itself as a formidable player in the global electronics market. The coming decade will be crucial in shaping India’s trajectory as a leader in the international electronics trade.

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According to the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2023, Indian ports have reduced their average turnaround time to 0.9 days, which is better than many developed nations, including the United States (1.5 days), Germany (1.3 days), and Australia (1.7 days).

Efficient logistics infrastructure is a key driver of economic growth, trade competitiveness, and industrial expansion. Recognizing this, the Modi government has undertaken a series of transformative initiatives aimed at enhancing India’s logistics sector. These reforms have significantly improved India’s ranking in the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI), demonstrating the nation’s growing efficiency in global trade. In the 2023 LPI, India moved up to the 22nd rank in the International Shipments category and secured the 38th rank overall. The turnaround time at Indian ports has improved dramatically to 0.9 days, surpassing developed nations like the USA, Germany, and Canada. These achievements underscore the effectiveness of policies and infrastructure advancements initiated under the Modi government.

1. Sagarmala Programme: Enhancing Port-led Development

The Sagarmala Programme, launched in 2015, is a flagship initiative aimed at transforming India’s logistics sector by leveraging its vast coastline and inland waterways. This port-led development strategy focuses on modernizing port infrastructure, increasing efficiency, and reducing logistics costs. The programme has led to the development of new deep-draft ports, expansion and modernization of existing ports, and increased private sector participation through public-private partnerships (PPP). By enhancing multimodal connectivity, Sagarmala ensures seamless cargo movement through integrated rail, road, and inland waterway linkages.

A significant achievement of the programme is the improvement in port turnaround time—a key metric for logistics efficiency. According to the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2023, Indian ports have reduced their average turnaround time to 0.9 days, which is better than many developed nations, including the United States (1.5 days), Germany (1.3 days), and Australia (1.7 days). The programme also promotes coastal shipping and inland water transport, reducing dependence on road freight and cutting down logistics costs. With over 800 projects worth ₹5.48 lakh crore planned under Sagarmala, the initiative is set to further strengthen India’s position as a global maritime hub.

2. Bharatmala Pariyojana: Revolutionizing Road Connectivity

The Bharatmala Pariyojana, launched in 2017, is a comprehensive road infrastructure programme designed to enhance highway connectivity, reduce transportation costs, and improve freight movement across India. With a planned investment of over ₹10 lakh crore, Bharatmala is transforming the country’s logistics landscape by constructing expressways, economic corridors, border and coastal roads, and feeder routes.

A major focus of the programme is on developing 35,000 km of highways, including 24 multi-modal logistics parks and economic corridors that connect industrial clusters, ports, and consumption centers. By reducing travel time and optimizing supply chains, Bharatmala directly impacts India’s LPI ranking. Improved road infrastructure has led to faster freight movement, lower vehicle operating costs, and increased trade competitiveness. Additionally, Bharatmala enhances port connectivity through the development of road links to major ports, enabling smoother movement of goods. The reduced reliance on congested highways and the increased adoption of access-controlled expressways contribute to faster, more reliable logistics.

3. PM Gati Shakti: A Unified Approach to Infrastructure Development

The PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan (NMP), launched in 2021, is a transformational initiative integrating various infrastructure projects across multiple ministries to achieve synchronized development. This digital, data-driven platform enables real-time coordination between road, rail, port, and air transport networks, ensuring that infrastructure projects are aligned for maximum efficiency.

One of the key benefits of PM Gati Shakti is the reduction of logistics bottlenecks, which were previously caused by fragmented planning and implementation. By streamlining approvals, eliminating inefficiencies, and improving intermodal logistics, the initiative ensures seamless movement of goods. PM Gati Shakti plays a crucial role in boosting India’s LPI ranking by reducing transit time for freight movement across major corridors, enhancing last-mile connectivity to industrial parks, logistics hubs, and ports, facilitating faster project execution through better coordination among different government departments, and encouraging investments in modern logistics infrastructure such as automated warehouses, inland container depots, and freight terminals.

With an emphasis on multi-modal logistics integration, PM Gati Shakti ensures that railways, highways, waterways, and airways work in tandem to support economic growth. It also strengthens India’s competitiveness in global trade, positioning the country as a preferred investment destination for manufacturing and exports.

4. Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047: A Blueprint for the Future

The Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 is a long-term strategic framework designed to revolutionize India’s maritime sector, aligning with the principles of the blue economy. This vision serves as a comprehensive roadmap to enhance port infrastructure, modernize operations, and promote sustainability, ensuring that India remains competitive in global trade and logistics. India’s major port capacity has increased from 871 MTPA in 2014 to over 1,600 MTPA in 2023, marking a 90% growth in under a decade. The Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) Terminal has become 100% automated, reducing container dwell time by 30%, and India’s ranking in the Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) has improved from 44th in 2014 to 22nd in 2023, reflecting enhanced global trade efficiency. With maritime investments worth ₹10 lakh crore planned by 2047, the focus will be on green energy, automation, and port-led development. Coastal cargo traffic has also witnessed a 65% increase, growing from 74 MTPA in 2015 to 123 MTPA in 2023, significantly improving domestic trade connectivity.

A key component of the vision is the expansion of port capacity, which is being achieved through greenfield and brownfield developments. Greenfield projects involve constructing entirely new ports with world-class facilities, while brownfield projects focus on upgrading existing ports to improve efficiency and accommodate larger cargo volumes. To enhance operational efficiency, the vision promotes automation and digitization of port operations, integrating smart technologies like AI-driven logistics management, automated container handling, and real-time tracking systems. Sustainability is another major pillar of this vision, with initiatives such as the development of hydrogen hubs, renewable energy adoption at ports, and eco-friendly shipbuilding practices. By reducing carbon emissions and promoting green shipping, India is setting an example for sustainable maritime development. Through greater international engagement, including participation in global maritime forums and fostering trade partnerships, the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 seeks to establish India as a dominant force in the world’s maritime economy.

5. Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Programme (LEEP): Integrating Transport Networks

The Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Programme (LEEP) is an ambitious initiative that aims to streamline India’s logistics network by integrating different modes of transport and improving supply chain efficiency. Given the rising demands of domestic and international trade, LEEP focuses on reducing logistics costs, increasing transparency, and minimizing delays through advanced planning and digitization. As a result of LEEP, India’s logistics cost as a percentage of GDP has decreased from 14% in 2014 to 8.5% in 2023, improving global trade competitiveness. The average truck speed has increased from 25 km/h to 50 km/h, reducing transit time by 40%, while 35 Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs) have been developed at strategic locations to integrate road, rail, and air cargo networks. To further strengthen the logistics framework, cold storage capacity has increased by 45%, supporting better supply chains in industries such as agriculture and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, RFID-based tracking systems have been deployed at all major ports and toll plazas, leading to a 30% reduction in logistics delays.

One of the key aspects of LEEP is enhanced warehouse management, ensuring optimal storage and faster dispatch of goods. The program encourages the development of state-of-the-art logistics parks, automated storage solutions, and temperature-controlled warehouses to support industries like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and manufacturing. By fostering public-private partnerships and attracting investments into logistics infrastructure, LEEP is transforming India’s supply chain ecosystem. These measures have directly contributed to India’s improved ranking in the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) by making freight movement faster, cost-efficient, and more transparent.

6. Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs): Transforming Rail Logistics

The Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) initiative is a game-changer for India’s rail-based logistics, enhancing cargo transportation efficiency while reducing congestion on passenger train routes. Recognizing that rail transport is a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to road transport, the government has invested heavily in developing dedicated freight corridors to handle bulk cargo movements more efficiently. The Eastern DFC (1,337 km) and Western DFC (1,506 km) are 80% complete as of 2024, with full operation expected by 2025. Freight train speeds have increased from 25 km/h to 70 km/h, reducing travel time by 40%, and the DFCs are already handling over 180 million tonnes of cargo annually, utilizing 50% of their capacity. Furthermore, the electrification of DFCs has reduced diesel consumption by 75%, significantly lowering carbon emissions. Indian Railways aims to shift 50% of total freight to DFCs by 2030, which is expected to cut logistics costs by 25%.

The Eastern DFC, running from Punjab to West Bengal, is designed to cater to coal, iron ore, and steel traffic, supporting industries in mineral-rich states. The Western DFC, stretching from Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Mumbai) to Uttar Pradesh, primarily serves containerized cargo, facilitating seamless trade movement between India’s largest port and key industrial regions. By enhancing connectivity between industrial hubs, ports, and consumption centers, the DFCs improve India’s trade competitiveness and facilitate smoother export-import operations.

7. Multimodal Logistics Parks (MMLPs): Driving Integrated Supply Chains

The establishment of Multimodal Logistics Parks (MMLPs) under the Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Programme (LEEP) is transforming India’s freight movement by integrating rail, road, air, and waterways into a seamless logistics ecosystem. These logistics hubs consolidate cargo handling and storage facilities, leading to faster delivery, lower transit costs, and reduced congestion on transport networks. The government aims to develop 35 MMLPs across key industrial corridors, with an estimated investment of ₹50,000 crore. As of 2024, 15 MMLPs are under construction, with major projects in Chennai, Bengaluru, Guwahati, and Nagpur nearing completion. The first MMLP in Jogighopa (Assam), covering 317 acres, is expected to handle 13 lakh metric tonnes of cargo annually, significantly boosting trade in the Northeast.

MMLPs provide state-of-the-art warehousing, cold storage, container terminals, and customs clearance facilities, enabling businesses to reduce inventory carrying costs by 25%. By integrating different transport modes, MMLPs help in cutting logistics costs, which have already declined from 14% of GDP in 2014 to 8.5% in 2023. With India’s freight traffic projected to reach 15 billion tonnes by 2050, these parks play a crucial role in ensuring that supply chains remain efficient and cost-effective.

8. Green Logistics and Sustainable Practices

India has taken a sustainability-first approach in its logistics development, promoting eco-friendly transport modes and adopting green energy solutions. The government has prioritized coastal shipping and inland waterways development to reduce dependency on road transport, which is a major contributor to carbon emissions. Coastal cargo movement has increased by 65%, from 74 MTPA in 2015 to 123 MTPA in 2023, reducing road congestion and fuel consumption. National Waterway-1 (Ganga) and National Waterway-2 (Brahmaputra) have witnessed a fivefold increase in cargo movement, reaching 10 million tonnes in 2023.

A significant push has been made for the electrification of railways, with 85% of India’s railway network electrified as of 2023, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting carbon emissions by 33 million tonnes annually. The adoption of LNG-powered trucks and solar-powered logistics hubs further strengthens India’s commitment to green logistics. The government has set a target to make 100% of India’s major ports carbon-neutral by 2047, and several ports, including JNPT and Paradip Port, have already started running on renewable energy.

The implementation of energy-efficient warehouses and the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) for last-mile delivery are additional measures supporting sustainable logistics. India’s Green Ports initiative has led to the installation of shore-to-ship power supply systems, reducing emissions from docked vessels by 60%. These initiatives not only align with India’s net-zero goals but also enhance the country’s reputation as a leader in sustainable trade practices.

9. Global Maritime India Summit (GMIS) 2023: Attracting Investments

The Global Maritime India Summit (GMIS) 2023 was a landmark event that reinforced India’s growing prominence in the global maritime sector. The summit, attended by more than 10,000 delegates from over 70 countries, secured investment commitments worth ₹10 lakh crore, demonstrating global confidence in India’s logistics and maritime capabilities. The event saw the signing of 360 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) across various domains, including port modernization, shipbuilding, logistics digitization, and green shipping solutions.

Among the major investments, JNPT secured ₹70,000 crore for expansion projects, while the Chennai-Kanyakumari industrial corridor attracted ₹40,000 crore in port-led development. Additionally, the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) signed agreements with international shipbuilders, fostering technological exchange and innovation in ship design and maritime safety. GMIS 2023 also facilitated the launch of India’s first Hydrogen-Powered Port Initiative, aligning with the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047.

India’s ranking in the Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) has improved from 44th in 2014 to 22nd in 2023, reflecting enhanced port efficiency and global trade connectivity. With global shipping giants such as Maersk and DP World expanding their Indian operations, the country is fast emerging as a preferred destination for maritime trade and investment. The summit’s impact extends beyond financial commitments—it serves as a platform for policy discourse, international collaborations, and strategic planning, ensuring that India’s maritime sector continues to thrive in the years to come.

India’s improved ranking in the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index reflects the success of the Modi government’s strategic interventions in the logistics sector. By focusing on infrastructure expansion, technological integration, and policy reforms, India has positioned itself as a global logistics powerhouse. The continued execution of visionary initiatives like PM Gati Shakti, Bharatmala, Sagarmala, and Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 will further enhance India’s competitiveness, ensuring sustainable economic growth and global trade leadership.

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India’s digital economy is expected to contribute 20% of GDP by 2027, driven by digital branding, governance, and infrastructure improvements. A McKinsey report on digital transformation predicts that nations investing in digital identity systems can boost their GDP by 3-13% through efficiency gains and reduced administrative burdens.

Understanding Digital Brand Identity

In the digital age, brand identity is no longer limited to logos, color schemes, and taglines. A strong digital brand identity is essential for organizations, businesses, and governments to establish credibility, enhance user engagement, and streamline communication across multiple platforms. Digital brand identity encompasses the visual and interactive elements that shape an entity’s presence online, ensuring consistency across websites, social media, and mobile applications. Around the world, nations and corporations are investing in digital branding to strengthen their online presence and deliver a seamless user experience.

Governments worldwide are increasingly embracing digital platforms to enhance service delivery, citizen engagement, and governance efficiency. A well-structured digital brand identity plays a crucial role in this transformation by fostering trust, consistency, and accessibility. A uniform and professional digital presence reinforces public confidence in government institutions, making it easier for citizens to distinguish official platforms from fraudulent ones. With numerous ministries, agencies, and departments operating online, maintaining consistency in design, messaging, and user experience ensures coherence and accessibility across platforms. Standardized websites and interfaces improve navigation, allowing citizens to easily find information, apply for services, and participate in government initiatives. Moreover, a unified digital framework strengthens security and data integrity by enforcing robust cybersecurity measures, protecting sensitive government data from potential threats. Additionally, a well-defined digital identity streamlines service delivery, facilitating seamless interaction between various government agencies and enhancing overall governance efficiency.

Global Best Practices in Digital Brand Identity

Countries worldwide have adopted various strategies to enhance digital brand identity in governance and the economy, recognizing the need for clarity, transparency, and accessibility. The United Kingdom’s GOV.UK Design System ensures uniformity across all government websites, enhancing usability and accessibility. Similarly, the US Digital Service has established standardized guidelines for government digital assets, ensuring a seamless and secure user experience. The European Union’s Web Accessibility Directive mandates consistent branding and accessibility standards across all public sector websites, fostering a unified digital identity that enhances public trust. Singapore’s Smart Nation Initiative integrates digital branding with AI-driven governance to improve public services and citizen engagement. Beyond governance, leading corporations such as Apple, Google, and Microsoft have meticulously crafted digital brand identities that ensure seamless and intuitive user experiences across devices and platforms. These brands emphasize consistency in typography, color palettes, and user interface design, making them instantly recognizable and reinforcing customer trust.

MeitY’s Digital Brand Identity Manual (DBIM): A Milestone in Digital Governance

Recognizing the importance of a strong digital presence, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has introduced the Digital Brand Identity Manual (DBIM) to establish a standardized digital identity for government platforms in India. This initiative aligns with the Prime Minister Modi’s vision of “Reform, Perform, and Transform,” making India’s digital governance more accessible, inclusive, and citizen-centric. Launched during the inaugural Chief Information Officer (CIO) Conference 2025 in New Delhi, the DBIM initiative reflects India’s commitment to modernizing governance through technology.

The Role of DBIM in Standardizing Digital Governance

DBIM would enhance the government’s “Minimum Government, Maximum Governance” philosophy by ensuring “Uniform Governance.” The initiative aims to establish a cohesive and standardized digital presence across all ministries and government platforms. DBIM also aligns with India’s broader digital governance framework by focusing on accessibility, user experience, and inclusivity. By simplifying and standardizing government websites, DBIM ensures that citizens from diverse linguistic and socio-economic backgrounds can seamlessly access essential government services. Furthermore, DBIM prioritizes innovation, security, and agility in digital governance by leveraging AI-driven tools and implementing robust cybersecurity measures. This approach strengthens India’s e-governance framework and supports the nation’s vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.

Enhancing Government Efficiency Through Digital Branding

Prime Minister’s directive to develop a common digital interface across all government websites to provide a standardized and user-friendly experience. The DBIM initiative introduces a unified digital branding manual, enhancing government service delivery through a structured digital framework. Additionally, the Central Content Publishing System (CCPS) plays a pivotal role in ensuring that government policies, schemes, and initiatives are easily accessible, promoting transparency and public engagement. A significant focus of DBIM is to match the efficiency and accessibility of private-sector digital platforms. The initiative ensures that government portals provide seamless user experiences across desktops and mobile devices, reinforcing trust and engagement among citizens.

Key Features of the DBIM Initiative

The DBIM launch was accompanied by the introduction of several critical components aimed at harmonizing India’s digital presence. The DBIM Toolkit ensures uniformity in digital identity by establishing standardized design elements. The Gov.In CMS Platform facilitates streamlined website management, allowing for efficient updates and content organization. The Central Content Publishing System (CCPS) centralizes content governance, ensuring consistency across government websites and ministries. Additionally, Social Media Campaign Guidelines have been introduced to standardize digital communication, reinforcing a cohesive government messaging strategy. The launch of the DBIM initiative also saw the unveiling of a newly designed, DBIM-compliant MeitY website. Four other ministries and department websites have already migrated to the Gov.In CMS platform, with more transitions expected in the near future.

The First CIO Conference 2025:

The inaugural Chief Information Officer (CIO) Conference 2025 served as a platform for experts from MeitY, NIC, MyGov, and various ministries to deliberate on the implementation of DBIM. The discussions centered around harmonizing government websites under a unified digital brand identity. Experts emphasized the importance of managing websites on the Gov.In platform to enhance accessibility, performance, and cybersecurity. The conference also highlighted the necessity of localizing content to optimize digital services for diverse linguistic and demographic groups. Ensuring compliance with the Guidelines for Indian Government Websites and Apps (GIGW) and obtaining Standardization Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) were also key topics, underscoring the need for quality assurance in government digital platforms. The nationwide adoption of DBIM is poised to revolutionize citizen engagement, reinforce public trust, and enhance the delivery of digital government services.

Socio-economic Benefits of Digital Brand Identity

A strong digital brand identity not only enhances user experience and trust but also delivers significant economic and operational advantages. A standardized digital identity reduces the need for individual government agencies and departments to develop separate branding materials, websites, and communication strategies. For instance, the UK Government Digital Service (GDS) saved approximately £61.5 million annually by consolidating government websites into a single, standardized GOV.UK platform. Similarly, India’s Digital Brand Identity Manual (DBIM) Initiative is expected to reduce redundant expenditures on digital branding across ministries through centralized website management via Gov.In CMS.

A well-defined digital identity improves accessibility and ease of use, leading to higher engagement and adoption of digital services. India’s Digital India Initiative recorded over 6 billion digital transactions in 2023, demonstrating the impact of a unified digital framework, while the United States Digital Services (USDS) reported a 30% increase in citizen engagement after redesigning government portals with a standardized interface. A unified and secure digital identity also reduces the risks of cyber fraud, phishing attacks, and misinformation. The European Union’s Web Accessibility Directive has helped reduce cybersecurity incidents by 20-25% through secure authentication and uniform branding, while India’s Aadhaar-based digital verification has prevented an estimated ₹90,000 crore (approx. $11 billion) in subsidy leakages and identity fraud.

A standardized digital brand identity ensures smoother and faster interactions between government agencies and citizens, leading to significant time and cost savings. Singapore’s Smart Nation Initiative reduced service processing times by 40%, saving thousands of government working hours annually, while Estonia’s digital passport system cut administrative processing time by 50%, saving approximately €200 million per year. Additionally, a strong digital governance framework contributes to economic growth by promoting transparency and ease of doing business. India’s digital economy is expected to contribute 20% of GDP by 2027, driven by digital branding, governance, and infrastructure improvements. A McKinsey report on digital transformation predicts that nations investing in digital identity systems can boost their GDP by 3-13% through efficiency gains and reduced administrative burdens.

Digital Brand Identity: A Step Toward Viksit Bharat

The introduction of the DBIM initiative marks a transformative step in India’s digital governance. As part of the broader Gov.In: Harmonization of Government of India’s Digital Footprint initiative, DBIM seeks to create a standardized and seamless digital presence across government ministries, departments, and agencies. This initiative reflects Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of using technology to transform governance, ensuring accessibility, efficiency, and a citizen-friendly digital experience. The primary objective of DBIM is to establish a consistent and recognizable digital brand for the Government of India. By standardizing design elements such as typography, color schemes, and iconography, DBIM enhances the credibility and integrity of government-hosted digital content. This uniform approach strengthens trust among citizens and ensures a seamless experience across websites, mobile applications, and social media platforms.

Digital brand identity is a crucial component of modern governance, playing a vital role in ensuring consistency, accessibility, and transparency in citizen engagement. Countries worldwide have successfully leveraged digital branding to enhance their governance frameworks, and India’s DBIM initiative is a step in the right direction. By introducing standardized branding elements, centralized content management, and streamlined website interfaces, DBIM is set to revolutionize digital governance in India. This initiative aligns with the country’s broader vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, ensuring that technology-driven governance remains at the forefront of India’s development journey.

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By fostering collaborations between 65+ institutions in the NER and leading research centers across India, the initiative has strengthened the region’s biotech ecosystem.

The North East Region (NER) of India is a treasure trove of biodiversity. Home to unique flora and fauna, indigenous knowledge systems, and a vibrant cultural heritage, the region has long been recognized for its ecological significance. However, under the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, NER’s potential is being transformed from a biodiversity hotspot into a thriving bioeconomy hub, unlocking unprecedented opportunities for sustainable growth and innovation.

Biotechnology: A Game Changer for North East India

Biotechnology is reshaping the economic and social fabric of NER by harnessing its rich bio-resources for research, entrepreneurship, and community development. With a strategic focus on research-driven innovation, skill development, and value-added bio-based products, the Modi government has ensured that biotechnology is at the forefront of North East India’s transformation.

Key Initiatives Driving the Bioeconomy Revolution

R&D Programme: Bridging Knowledge and Innovation

Launched in 2010-11, the Twinning R&D Programme for NER has catalyzed over 650 research projects, benefiting approximately 450 researchers and 2000 young scholars. By fostering collaborations between 65+ institutions in the NER and leading research centers across India, the initiative has strengthened the region’s biotech ecosystem. These partnerships have paved the way for high-impact research in medicinal plants, sustainable agriculture, and bio-based industries.

Establishment of Biotech Hubs: Expanding Research Infrastructure

Since 2011, the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has established 126 Biotech Hubs across NER. These hubs serve as centers of excellence, providing state-of-the-art infrastructure, technical training, and research facilities. In the second phase, 54 hubs have been further supported for focused research and training, ensuring that local challenges are addressed with homegrown solutions.

Biotechnology Labs in Senior Secondary Schools (BLiSS): Nurturing Young Minds

To instill a scientific temperament from an early age, the BLiSS program, initiated in 2014, has set up biotechnology labs in senior secondary schools across the NER. By providing students with access to modern biological sciences laboratories, this initiative is fostering the next generation of bio-scientists and entrepreneurs.

Visiting Research Professorship (VRP) Programme: Leveraging Expertise

Started in 2015, the VRP Programme has brought distinguished scientists to North East India’s universities and research institutions. These experts have played a crucial role in mentoring young researchers, introducing cutting-edge biotechnological advancements, and strengthening academic excellence.

Empowering Farmers and Entrepreneurs: Bioeconomy in Action

Agricultural Biotechnology: Enhancing Crop Resilience and Productivity

Biotechnology has led to the development of bacterial blight-resistant rice varieties such as ‘Patkai’, introduced by Assam Agricultural University. This innovation ensures better yields and higher resilience to diseases, directly benefiting farmers by reducing losses and enhancing profitability.

Medicinal Plant Cultivation: Turning Tradition into Enterprise

With 64.1 acres dedicated to captive cultivation of high-value medicinal plants like Curcuma caesia and lemongrass, the NER is witnessing a bio-based agricultural revolution. Training programs have benefited 649 farmers and entrepreneurs, empowering them to produce and market essential oils, herbal extracts, and nutraceuticals.

Citrus Research: Revitalizing Indigenous Horticulture

To strengthen citrus farming, DBT-supported research at the Institute of Horticulture Technology, Assam, has led to the development of virus-free rootstocks for Khasi mandarin and sweet orange. This initiative has not only improved citrus productivity but also ensured disease-free propagation of native fruit varieties.

Biotech in Animal Husbandry: Digital Tools for Veterinary Success

The launch of the Pig Disease Diagnosis Expert System (PDDES), a mobile application available on Google Play Store, is a significant step towards improving veterinary health in NER. This AI-driven tool assists farmers and veterinarians in diagnosing and managing pig diseases, ensuring healthier livestock and increased productivity.

Human Health and Biotech Innovation: The NER Approach

Genomics-Driven Research in Human Health & Disease

Since 2016, DBT-NIBMG has been providing training in genomics-based biomedical research. This initiative equips scientists, research students, and clinicians in the NER with expertise in molecular genetics, enabling them to contribute to advanced healthcare solutions.

Chemical Ecology Programme: Interdisciplinary Training for Young Scientists

The DBT-funded Chemical Ecology Programme has facilitated collaborations between institutions in the NER and Bangalore-based research centers. Through hands-on training, young scientists are being equipped with interdisciplinary skills, positioning them to lead in the emerging bioeconomy sector.

Transforming Biodiversity into Bio-Wealth

• Development of Blight-Resistant Rice: ‘Patkai’ rice variety ensures food security and resilience for farmers.
• Breakthrough in Animal Health: A rapid detection test for brucellosis enhances livestock disease management.
• Value-Added Products from Wild Apple: Farmers in Assam and Meghalaya are now producing jams, pickles, and juices from Docynia indica, creating new revenue streams.
• Essential Oil Industry: A distillation unit in Arunachal Pradesh supports farmers in commercializing medicinal plant extracts.

A Sustainable Future for North East India

The Modi government’s vision for North East India extends beyond conservation; it is about leveraging biotechnology for inclusive development. By investing in research, infrastructure, and skill development, the region is being transformed into a dynamic hub of bio-innovation and entrepreneurship. As biodiversity meets biotechnology, North East India is no longer just a region of natural abundance—it is becoming a beacon of sustainable growth, self-reliance, and global competitiveness.

With continued support and policy-driven momentum, North East India’s bioeconomy is poised to become a cornerstone of ‘Viksit Bharat’—a developed India by 2047.

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India’s solar power capacity increased 32 times in the last decade. Over 500 startups are actively working on solutions in renewable energy, smart grids, and energy efficiency, contributing to a dynamic and competitive energy ecosystem.

India has emerged as a global leader in the energy sector, spearheading transformative initiatives to drive sustainable, inclusive, and pragmatic energy policies. The inauguration of the third edition of India Energy Week 2025 (IEW 2025) by Prime Minister Narendra Modi marks another milestone in this journey. In just two years, this self-funded initiative has positioned itself as the world’s second-largest energy event, serving as a critical platform for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and global experts to collaborate on shaping the future of energy.

India’s Energy Vision: Five Pillars of Progress

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has laid out India’s energy ambitions based on five foundational pillars, reflecting a strategic approach to achieving energy security, sustainability, and economic growth. Here’s a deeper look at each of these pillars:

1. Harnessing Resources

India is leveraging its vast reserves of both renewable and non-renewable energy sources to meet its growing demand while ensuring energy security. The country has made significant strides in solar energy, increasing its solar power capacity 32 times in the last decade and becoming the third-largest solar power producer globally. The government is also focusing on biofuels and ethanol blending, achieving a 19% blending rate and targeting 20% by October 2025 to reduce fossil fuel dependence, cut CO₂ emissions, and provide additional income for farmers. Additionally, oil and gas exploration has been boosted through policies like the Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) and reforms in the Oilfields Regulation & Development Act to enhance hydrocarbon production. India is also making significant investments in green hydrogen technology, aiming to become a major player in the hydrogen economy by 2030.

2. Encouraging Innovation

India is fostering an innovation-driven energy sector by investing in research and development, as well as encouraging startups to develop cutting-edge solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being integrated into the energy sector to optimize management and forecast demand, improving efficiency and reducing wastage. Research in battery and energy storage technologies is progressing rapidly, ensuring better integration of renewable sources into the national grid. The country is also exploring the potential of quantum computing in revolutionizing energy distribution and security. Furthermore, over 500 startups are actively working on solutions in renewable energy, smart grids, and energy efficiency, contributing to a dynamic and competitive energy ecosystem.

3. Economic Strength and Political Stability

A strong economy, coupled with stable policymaking, creates an ideal environment for sustained energy development. India’s economic rise to the fifth-largest economy from the tenth position in a decade ensures the financial capacity to invest in energy infrastructure and technological advancements. Policy consistency is another crucial factor, with reforms in the energy sector, such as single-window clearance for oil exploration and strategic investments in renewables, demonstrating the government’s long-term commitment to energy growth. This stability has also encouraged foreign direct investment (FDI), attracting global energy giants like BP, Shell, and ExxonMobil to collaborate with India in technological advancements and energy production.

4. Strategic Geography

India’s advantageous geographical location enhances its role in global energy trade. Its access to major sea routes facilitates efficient import and export of energy resources, including crude oil, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and renewable energy components. This strategic positioning enables India to play a significant role in global energy diplomacy, evident in initiatives like the Global Biofuels Alliance, which involves 28 countries and 12 international organizations. India is also positioning itself as a regional energy hub by expanding its refining capacity, currently the fourth-largest in the world, with plans for a 20% increase to strengthen its influence in global energy markets.

5. Commitment to Global Sustainability

India is demonstrating strong leadership in the global transition toward sustainable energy. It is the first G20 nation to achieve its Paris Agreement targets ahead of schedule, setting an example for other countries. With a massive renewable energy push, the country has tripled its non-fossil fuel energy capacity and aims to achieve 50% of its energy mix from renewables by 2030. Additionally, India has set a long-term goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070, ensuring that economic growth aligns with environmental responsibility. Collaborations with international bodies and initiatives in solar energy, biofuels, and energy efficiency are further strengthening India’s role in shaping the global energy landscape.

Achievements and Roadmap for a Sustainable Energy Future

Renewable Energy Expansion:

India’s solar energy generation has increased 32 times in the last decade, positioning it as the third-largest solar power generator globally. The country’s non-fossil fuel energy capacity has tripled, with India becoming the first G20 nation to achieve its Paris Agreement targets ahead of schedule. The Global Biofuels Alliance, established under India’s G20 presidency, now comprises 28 nations and 12 international organizations, promoting waste-to-energy solutions.

Hydrocarbon Sector Reforms:

The Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) and regulatory reforms, including amendments to the Oilfields Regulation & Development Act, ensure policy stability and enhanced financial incentives for stakeholders. Strategic investments in pipeline infrastructure and refining capacity (targeted to increase by 20%) will strengthen India’s position as the fourth-largest refining hub. The government has streamlined exploration in sedimentary basins, offering a single-window clearance system to attract global investors.

The Rise of Natural Gas and Hydrogen Economy:

With an expanding pipeline network, natural gas usage in India is set to rise significantly, moving toward the national target of increasing its share in the energy mix from 6% to 15%. India is investing in hydrogen production, targeting 5 million metric tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030, reducing dependence on traditional fossil fuels.

Global Energy Leadership and Innovation

Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri highlighted India’s pivotal role in driving energy innovation and entrepreneurship:

Leading global energy firms such as BP, Shell, ExxonMobil, and Chevron operate Global Capability Centres in India, employing thousands of engineers working on energy efficiency, AI-driven analytics, and sustainability solutions. India’s startup ecosystem is flourishing, with over 500 entrepreneurs engaging in initiatives like Avinya and Vasudha to drive energy innovation. The conference showcases cutting-edge developments in AI-driven energy management, quantum computing, biofuels, and battery technologies.

A Balanced and Inclusive Energy Transition A key theme of IEW 2025 is energy justice, ensuring that developing economies are not left behind in the energy transition. Minister Puri emphasized the necessity of global collaboration to build resilient supply chains for critical minerals, semiconductors, and emerging energy technologies. India’s diversified investment strategy, which integrates biofuels, natural gas, and renewables, ensures a smooth transition without compromising energy security.

Forging Global Partnerships and Future Prospects IEW 2025 brings together over 70,000 energy professionals from more than 50 countries, including 20+ Ministers and 100 CEOs from Fortune 500 energy companies. This year’s discussions focus on Strategies for stabilizing energy markets amid geopolitical shifts, the role of technology in driving efficiency and sustainability & strengthening international cooperation to achieve a balanced global energy transition.

As India cements its position as a global energy leader, India Energy Week 2025 serves as a crucial platform for fostering international partnerships and pioneering innovative solutions for a sustainable energy future. The event underscores India’s commitment to a balanced, pragmatic, and inclusive energy transition—one that ensures energy security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability for generations to come.

Through these collective efforts, India is not just responding to global energy challenges but actively shaping the future of sustainable and equitable energy development.

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Initiatives like AyuAI, developed under India’s AI Mission, are making healthcare more affordable, accessible, and efficient, particularly in rural areas where medical infrastructure is limited.

The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has positioned it as one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century. Recognizing its potential and challenges, Prime Minister Narendra Modi co-chaired the AI Action Summit in Paris alongside French President Emmanuel Macron. The summit underscored the necessity of a collaborative global approach to AI governance, emphasizing its role in public welfare, sustainable development, and economic transformation.

AI as a Tool for Humanity

Prime Minister Modi highlighted that AI is “writing the code for humanity in this century,” reflecting its profound impact on polity, economy, security, and society. Unlike previous technological advancements, AI’s influence is all-encompassing, requiring governance models that balance innovation with ethical responsibility. India advocates for a democratized AI landscape where access is universal, particularly for the Global South.

India’s AI Strategy: Innovation and Inclusivity

India has emerged as a global leader in Artificial Intelligence (AI), integrating AI-driven solutions across key sectors to drive inclusivity, efficiency, and innovation. The country’s AI strategy, backed by robust Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), ensures that technology serves the needs of its 1.4 billion citizens while aligning with national priorities like sustainable development, digital empowerment, and economic growth.

AI in Key Sectors: Transforming Lives

Healthcare: AI for Affordable and Accessible Medical Solutions
AI-driven diagnostics, predictive analytics, and telemedicine are transforming India’s healthcare landscape. AI-powered tools are helping detect diseases like tuberculosis, cancer, and diabetic retinopathy at early stages, significantly improving treatment outcomes. Initiatives like AyuAI, developed under India’s AI Mission, are making healthcare more affordable, accessible, and efficient, particularly in rural areas where medical infrastructure is limited.

Education: AI for Personalized and Inclusive Learning
India’s education sector is leveraging AI-powered learning tools to bridge the digital divide. The Diksha and SWAYAM platforms, driven by AI, provide personalized and adaptive learning experiences in multiple languages. AI is also helping students with disabilities through assistive technologies, ensuring that no one is left behind in the knowledge economy.

Agriculture: AI for Precision Farming and Food Security
AI is revolutionizing Indian agriculture through smart irrigation, precision farming, and weather prediction. Startups and research institutions are developing AI models that help farmers optimize water usage, detect crop diseases, and improve yield predictions. The Kisan AI chatbot, launched under government initiatives, assists farmers with real-time information on market prices, weather forecasts, and best agricultural practices.

Governance: AI for Efficiency, Transparency, and Public Service Delivery
AI is streamlining public services and governance through automation, predictive analytics, and chatbots for citizen engagement. Initiatives like Bhashini, India’s AI-based language translation platform, enable government communication in multiple regional languages, ensuring that digital governance is inclusive. AI-powered facial recognition and automated grievance redressal mechanisms have improved public service delivery, making governance efficient, transparent, and citizen-centric.

India’s AI Mission: Inclusivity and Sustainability at Its Core

India’s AI strategy prioritizes equitable access, sustainability, and cultural inclusivity. Recognizing the country’s linguistic and cultural diversity, India is developing its own Large Language Model (LLM)—an indigenous AI-powered model trained in multiple Indian languages. This initiative ensures that AI-driven solutions are accessible and effective for citizens across diverse socio-economic backgrounds.

Additionally, India’s AI framework promotes Ethical and responsible AI use to minimize biases and ensure transparency. Sustainable AI applications that reduce energy consumption and environmental impact. AI skilling programs to equip India’s workforce with the necessary expertise for an AI-driven future.

India’s Role in Shaping AI Governance

India’s participation in the AI Action Summit in Paris, co-chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, reaffirmed its commitment to democratizing AI for public good. India advocates for global AI governance standards that promote innovation while addressing risks such as bias, misinformation, and ethical concerns. As a result, India will be hosting the next AI Summit, positioning itself as a thought leader in shaping the future of AI.

Global Cooperation for Responsible AI

Prime Minister Modi underscored the importance of collective international efforts to set governance standards that uphold shared values and build public trust. The AI Action Summit discussions focused on:

Ensuring Greater Access to AI Infrastructure – Bridging the digital divide and making AI tools accessible to all nations.

Responsible and Ethical AI – Establishing frameworks to prevent biases, misinformation, and unethical use of AI.

AI for Public Good – Leveraging AI for sustainable development goals (SDGs), social welfare, and economic inclusion.

Diversity in AI – Encouraging broader representation in AI development to reflect the needs of varied communities.

Trusted AI Governance – Creating regulatory mechanisms to ensure AI safety, transparency, and accountability.

India’s Commitment to AI Leadership

India’s role in AI governance extends beyond its borders. With the announcement of India hosting the next AI Summit, the country has reinforced its commitment to shaping AI’s future responsibly. India has also been a pioneer in AI ethics, aligning with global partners to establish best practices for AI governance.

India’s collaboration with France, particularly through initiatives like the International Solar Alliance, serves as a precedent for innovation partnerships. The AI Action Summit has laid the groundwork for a smart and responsible AI ecosystem that balances innovation with regulatory safeguards.

AI for Good, AI for All

As AI continues to reshape the world, global leadership must ensure that it serves humanity equitably. Prime Minister Modi’s vision aligns AI’s development with the principles of accessibility, accountability, and sustainability. By championing responsible AI governance, investing in skill development, and fostering global collaborations, India is poised to be a leader in the AI revolution—ensuring that AI remains a force for good and for all.

The AI Action Summit has reaffirmed the necessity of international cooperation in harnessing AI’s potential while mitigating its risks. As India prepares to host the next AI Summit, it stands at the forefront of shaping an AI-driven future that prioritizes inclusivity, ethics, and sustainable development.

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The Modi government’s emphasis on skill development has significantly empowered India’s farmers by modernizing agriculture, enhancing productivity, and promoting self-reliance.

India’s agricultural sector is evolving rapidly, requiring farmers to adopt modern techniques and technology-driven practices to improve productivity and sustainability. Recognizing this need, the Modi government has launched several skill development schemes aimed at upskilling farmers, rural youth, and agricultural workers. These initiatives equip farmers with scientific knowledge, mechanization skills, and entrepreneurial capabilities to enhance their livelihoods and contribute to the nation’s agricultural growth.

Key Skill Development Initiatives for Farmers

1. Skill Training of Rural Youth (STRY)

The Skill Training of Rural Youth (STRY) program is a short-term skill development initiative aimed at empowering rural youth and farmers by equipping them with modern agricultural knowledge and technical expertise. Conducted over 7 days, the program focuses on enhancing agricultural productivity, promoting self-employment, and creating a skilled workforce in agriculture and allied sectors.

Objectives of STRY

STRY primarily aims to upgrade farmers’ knowledge and skills in modern farming techniques, helping them adopt scientific and efficient agricultural practices. By promoting self-employment and wage-based employment, it enables farmers and rural youth to establish careers in agri-business, agro-processing, and allied sectors. Additionally, the program helps in developing a skilled workforce in key areas like organic farming, farm mechanization, livestock management, and climate-resilient agriculture, ensuring sustainable growth in the sector.

Current Status: Integration into ATMA Cafeteria

Initially launched as a standalone program, STRY has now been integrated into the Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) cafeteria, which is a nationwide agricultural extension initiative. This integration allows wider implementation, providing structured training, exposure visits, and demonstrations to farmers across 739 districts in 28 States and 5 Union Territories. With ATMA’s enhanced resources and state-level coordination, the training has become more region-specific and effective, ensuring better accessibility and impact for rural youth and farmers.

2. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Training Programs

The Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), established under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), serve as one-stop knowledge centers for farmers across the country. These centers play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between scientific research and practical farming techniques by offering on-field demonstrations, hands-on training, and capacity-building programs. Through their structured training modules, KVKs ensure that farmers are well-equipped with the latest advancements in agriculture, enabling them to adopt modern, efficient, and sustainable farming practices.

Comprehensive Training Modules

KVKs provide specialized training in various aspects of agriculture and allied sectors to enhance farmers’ skills and productivity. In crop production, farmers receive training on soil health management, fertility improvement, and precision farming techniques, ensuring better yield and resource optimization. In the field of horticulture, KVKs offer guidance on advanced techniques for fruit and vegetable cultivation, helping farmers increase productivity and adopt climate-resilient practices.

Livestock management is another crucial area where KVKs provide extensive training. Farmers are educated on scientific dairy farming, poultry management, and fisheries to improve animal husbandry practices, ensuring increased productivity and profitability. Agricultural engineering training is also imparted, where farmers learn about the operation, maintenance, and repair of farm machinery and equipment, promoting mechanization and efficiency in farming operations.

A significant focus of KVK training programs is women empowerment in agriculture. Women farmers and rural entrepreneurs are provided specialized training in home science, food processing, and value addition to agricultural products, enabling them to establish small-scale agri-businesses and contribute to the rural economy.

Impact and Reach of KVKs

With a vast network of 731 Krishi Vigyan Kendras spread across the country, these training programs have significantly contributed to agricultural transformation and rural development. By integrating scientific knowledge with traditional farming practices, KVKs have trained millions of farmers, helping them increase productivity, improve income levels, and adopt environmentally sustainable agricultural techniques. Through their consistent efforts, KVKs continue to play a vital role in empowering farmers, promoting self-sufficiency, and strengthening India’s agricultural sector.

3. Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA)

The Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme designed to strengthen the agricultural extension system in India. It aims to decentralize agricultural extension services at the district level, ensuring that farmers receive timely access to the latest technologies and best practices. The program serves as a platform for collaborative and participatory learning, where farmers, extension workers, researchers, and other stakeholders work together to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. By adopting a farmer-centric approach, ATMA enhances knowledge dissemination and encourages innovation in farming techniques.

Objectives and Implementation

ATMA plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between research institutions and farmers by promoting practical learning and technology adoption. The scheme facilitates Farmers’ Training Programs, where agricultural experts provide hands-on training on improved crop cultivation techniques, soil health management, and climate-resilient farming methods. Additionally, on-field demonstrations are conducted to showcase the effectiveness of modern agricultural machinery, precision farming, and organic farming practices.

To further enhance farmers’ exposure to new advancements, Exposure Visits are organized, allowing them to visit progressive farms, research institutions, and agricultural fairs where they can observe successful farming models and interact with experts. Kisan Melas (farmers’ fairs) are also held under ATMA to bring together farmers, agricultural scientists, and policymakers, creating a dynamic platform for knowledge exchange and networking. These initiatives help farmers adopt innovative and efficient farming practices, ultimately improving productivity and income levels.

Current Reach and Impact

ATMA is currently operational in 739 districts across 28 states and 5 Union Territories (UTs), making it one of the most extensive agricultural extension programs in India. The scheme has benefited thousands of farmers by enabling them to make informed decisions regarding crop selection, pest management, water conservation, and market linkages. Through its structured approach to knowledge dissemination and field-based learning, ATMA continues to play a pivotal role in transforming Indian agriculture, making it more resilient, profitable, and sustainable.

4. Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)

The Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) is a flagship initiative of the Government of India aimed at promoting the widespread adoption of modern farm machinery. By encouraging mechanization, SMAM seeks to enhance agricultural productivity, reduce manual labor dependency, and improve operational efficiency. Given the increasing challenges in agriculture, such as labor shortages and the need for precision farming, mechanization has become essential for sustainable and profitable farming practices. The initiative provides financial assistance and training to farmers, enabling them to utilize advanced farm equipment efficiently.

Training and Skill Development in Farm Mechanization

To equip farmers with the necessary skills to operate and maintain agricultural machinery, the government has established Four Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institutes (FMTTIs) across the country. These institutes play a pivotal role in educating farmers on the selection, operation, and maintenance of modern farm equipment. Training programs focus on familiarizing farmers with the latest agricultural tools, helping them understand their functionality, and ensuring their optimal use in different farming conditions. Additionally, the courses emphasize energy-efficient utilization and repair of farm machinery, ensuring that farmers can troubleshoot minor technical issues and extend the longevity of their equipment.

Beyond basic operations, the training programs also encourage entrepreneurship in mechanized farming. Farmers and rural youth are guided on how they can establish their own custom hiring centers for farm machinery, enabling small and marginal farmers to access modern equipment without heavy investment. This not only helps in improving agricultural efficiency but also creates employment opportunities in rural areas.

Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institutes (FMTTIs)

The government has strategically set up four dedicated FMTTIs in different regions to provide hands-on training and field demonstrations. These institutes are located in:

• Budni (Madhya Pradesh) – Focuses on the training and testing of tractors and power tillers.
• Hisar (Haryana) – Specializes in farm machinery used in northern and western India.
• Geraldine (Andhra Pradesh) – Provides training on mechanization techniques suitable for southern states.
• Biswanath Chariali (Assam) – Caters to the mechanization needs of farmers in northeastern India.

These institutes conduct training programs tailored to the agricultural conditions of their respective regions, ensuring that farmers receive relevant and practical knowledge.

Impact on Indian Agriculture

The implementation of SMAM has led to a significant increase in the adoption of farm mechanization across India. The use of modern equipment has reduced drudgery, improved efficiency, and enhanced crop productivity. By decreasing the reliance on manual labor, farmers can now cultivate larger areas with greater precision in a shorter timeframe. Mechanized farming also contributes to better resource management, such as optimal water usage, precise pesticide application, and reduced post-harvest losses.

With continuous support from the government, SMAM is playing a crucial role in transforming Indian agriculture, making it more competitive, sustainable, and profitable for farmers. Through training, financial assistance, and the expansion of mechanized farming, this initiative is paving the way for a modernized agricultural sector that aligns with the vision of a self-reliant and technologically advanced farming ecosystem in India.

5. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is a unique and dynamic initiative designed to empower state governments with the flexibility to plan and implement agricultural development programs based on their specific regional needs. Launched as an umbrella scheme under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, RKVY aims to promote holistic growth in agriculture and allied sectors by allowing states to tailor interventions according to their agricultural priorities. This decentralized approach ensures that farmers receive region-specific solutions that are best suited to their climatic conditions, soil types, and cropping patterns.

Customized Training Programs for Farmers

One of the key components of RKVY is the provision for state-led farmer training programs, enabling states to focus on skill development and knowledge dissemination. Unlike centrally dictated schemes with uniform guidelines, RKVY allows each state to identify key agricultural challenges, technological gaps, and training needs, and accordingly design training programs that address these specific issues. This approach ensures that farmers receive practical, hands-on knowledge that is directly applicable to their farming practices.

For example, states with a high prevalence of rain-fed farming can design training programs on drought-resistant crops and water conservation techniques, while states focusing on horticulture can conduct workshops on high-yield varieties and advanced nursery management. This customized skill development approach ensures that farmers are equipped with the latest techniques relevant to their region, ultimately leading to increased productivity and profitability.

Support for New-Age Agricultural Sectors

RKVY has evolved to support new-age agricultural sectors, recognizing the importance of diversification beyond traditional farming. The scheme provides assistance for emerging areas such as agribusiness, post-harvest management, and organic farming. Agribusiness-focused programs under RKVY encourage farmers to adopt value-added processing, packaging, and marketing strategies, ensuring that they can fetch better prices for their produce. This is particularly beneficial in reducing post-harvest losses and enhancing the income of small and marginal farmers.

The emphasis on organic farming within RKVY aligns with the growing demand for chemical-free, sustainable agricultural practices. States have been encouraged to provide training on organic certification, composting techniques, and natural pest control methods to help farmers transition to environmentally friendly farming methods. Additionally, post-harvest management training helps farmers minimize losses by adopting better storage, grading, and transportation practices, thereby ensuring higher profitability and market competitiveness.

Financial Support for Farmer Skill Enhancement

A key strength of RKVY is its financial assistance mechanism, which supports farmer skill enhancement programs at the state and district levels. The scheme provides funds to state governments, agricultural universities, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), and other institutions involved in farmer training and capacity building. This financial support ensures that infrastructure, expert trainers, demonstration farms, and modern teaching aids are readily available for training sessions.

Additionally, states can allocate RKVY funds to organize exposure visits, farmer fairs, and hands-on training sessions where farmers can learn from best practices adopted in other regions. By facilitating interaction with progressive farmers, researchers, and agripreneurs, RKVY enhances the practical learning experience, allowing farmers to adopt modern techniques and improve their livelihoods.

Impact of RKVY on Indian Agriculture

The implementation of RKVY has had a significant impact on Indian agriculture by strengthening state-led initiatives, promoting localized solutions, and encouraging skill development in diverse agricultural fields. The scheme has played a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, improving resource management, and supporting farmers in adopting innovative techniques.

With the continued support of RKVY, Indian agriculture is steadily transitioning towards a more resilient, diversified, and technology-driven sector, empowering farmers to meet modern challenges and ensuring the sustainable growth of the farming community. By fostering innovation, encouraging entrepreneurship, and addressing region-specific needs, RKVY continues to be a vital pillar in India’s agricultural development framework.

6. National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) – Agriculture Skill Council of India (ASCI)

The National Skill Development Mission (NSDM), launched in 2015 under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), is a landmark initiative aimed at enhancing the employability and entrepreneurship potential of India’s workforce. The mission focuses on bridging the skill gap across various sectors, including agriculture, by providing structured training programs, developing industry-relevant skill frameworks, and ensuring that individuals are equipped with competencies that meet the demands of modern farming and agribusiness.

Under NSDM, the Agriculture Skill Council of India (ASCI) plays a crucial role in standardizing and implementing skill development programs in agriculture and allied sectors. The ASCI works in collaboration with stakeholders, including agricultural universities, research institutes, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), and private sector organizations, to create a skilled workforce that can contribute to India’s agricultural modernization.

Structured Skill Training Programs for Rural Youth and Farmers

A significant component of NSDM in agriculture is its 200-hour skill training programs, designed specifically for rural youth and farmers. These structured courses focus on imparting practical knowledge and hands-on skills in various agricultural domains, such as organic farming, modern irrigation techniques, agro-processing, precision agriculture, and sustainable farm management. The objective is to equip individuals with market-driven skills that can improve productivity, reduce post-harvest losses, and increase farm income.

These training programs also emphasize agripreneurship, encouraging farmers and rural youth to explore self-employment opportunities in agribusiness. By integrating financial literacy, marketing strategies, and business management skills into the curriculum, NSDM ensures that trainees can establish and manage small-scale agri-enterprises, such as dairy farming, poultry, food processing units, and organic product ventures.

Development of Qualification Packs (QPs) in Agriculture and Allied Sectors

To ensure standardized skill development, the Agriculture Skill Council of India (ASCI) has developed Qualification Packs (QPs) for various job roles in agriculture and allied sectors. QPs define the knowledge, skills, and competencies required for different roles, such as organic farming specialists, soil testing technicians, greenhouse operators, agricultural machinery technicians, and livestock managers.

Each QP aligns with the National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF), ensuring that training is structured, measurable, and industry-relevant. By integrating these qualification standards into training programs, NSDM guarantees that farmers, agri-workers, and rural entrepreneurs gain nationally recognized certifications, improving their employability and career growth prospects.

Bridging the Skill Gap in Agri-Business and Farm Entrepreneurship

One of the key challenges in Indian agriculture is the skill gap in modern farming techniques and agribusiness management. NSDM, through ASCI, addresses this challenge by providing specialized training in value addition, supply chain management, farm mechanization, post-harvest technology, and agricultural marketing.

The initiative also fosters digital literacy among farmers, enabling them to leverage mobile applications, precision farming tools, and e-commerce platforms to enhance farm productivity and profitability. By connecting trained individuals with financial institutions, government schemes, and agritech startups, NSDM helps them transition into successful farm entrepreneurs.

Integration into the ATMA Cafeteria for Enhanced Implementation

To expand its outreach and ensure alignment with national agricultural development goals, NSDM has recently been integrated into the Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) cafeteria. This integration strengthens the delivery of skill development programs at the district and grassroots levels, ensuring that a larger number of farmers and rural youth benefit from structured agricultural training and capacity-building initiatives.

By leveraging the institutional framework of ATMA, NSDM ensures better coordination between skill training providers, agricultural extension officers, and local farming communities. This not only enhances the quality of training but also facilitates employment linkages, access to credit, and market opportunities for trained individuals.

Transforming Agriculture Through Skill Development

The National Skill Development Mission (NSDM), in collaboration with ASCI, is playing a pivotal role in transforming India’s agricultural landscape by equipping farmers and rural youth with modern farming skills and entrepreneurial competencies. By focusing on structured training programs, standardized qualification frameworks, and industry-driven skill sets, NSDM is bridging the rural skill gap, fostering agripreneurship, and ensuring the sustainable growth of the agricultural sector.

With its integration into the ATMA cafeteria, NSDM is now positioned to reach a larger rural workforce, ensuring that Indian agriculture remains resilient, technology-driven, and globally competitive. This initiative is a critical step towards realizing the vision of “Viksit Bharat”, where agriculture is not just a means of livelihood but a powerful engine for economic growth and rural development.

The Modi government’s emphasis on skill development has significantly empowered India’s farmers by modernizing agriculture, enhancing productivity, and promoting self-reliance. These programs ensure that farmers are well-equipped to adopt technology-driven, sustainable, and profitable farming practices.

By continuously expanding skill training, integrating agricultural innovations, and supporting entrepreneurship, the government is paving the way for a resilient, self-sufficient, and globally competitive Indian agricultural sector.

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Over the past decade, IIT student intake has doubled, from 65,000 in 2014 to 1.35 lakh today. This expansion reflects India’s commitment to strengthening STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education.

Education has long been recognized as the bedrock of a nation’s progress. As Prime Minister Narendra Modi aptly stated, “Education is not only the foundation upon which our civilization has been built, but it is also the architect of humanity’s future.” The Union Budget 2025-26 takes a giant leap in this direction by introducing transformative initiatives aimed at making India a global education hub. From expanding medical seats and enhancing skilling infrastructure to strengthening the IIT ecosystem, the budget outlines a forward-thinking approach to equipping India’s youth with the necessary skills for the future.

Key Announcements: A Roadmap for a Smarter, Inclusive India

1. Bharatiya Bhasha Pustak Scheme

Language plays a crucial role in a student’s ability to grasp concepts effectively. Recognizing this, the government has introduced the Bharatiya Bhasha Pustak Scheme, which aims to provide digitized books in Indian languages for both school and higher education. This initiative aligns with the vision of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes education in the mother tongue for better learning outcomes. By making textbooks available in multiple regional languages, this scheme will promote inclusivity and ensure that students can understand complex subjects in their native language, reducing learning gaps and improving academic performance.

2. National Centres of Excellence for Skilling

The government is focusing on bridging the skill gap by setting up five National Centres of Excellence for Skilling in partnership with global institutions. These centers will serve as hubs for skill development, covering curriculum design, trainer training, skills certification, and continuous improvement. Modernizing course content to match global industry standards will ensure that students are equipped with the latest skills. These centers will also prepare highly qualified trainers who can impart industry-relevant knowledge. Additionally, internationally recognized certifications will be provided to enhance employability, and regular assessments will keep training programs updated. By establishing these centers, India aims to equip youth with cutting-edge skills, boosting their job prospects in emerging sectors like AI, robotics, advanced manufacturing, and clean energy.

3. Expansion of IITs

To meet the rising demand for quality technical education, the government is expanding infrastructure in five IITs that were established after 2014. This move will allow 6,500 additional students to enroll in top-tier engineering programs. IIT Patna will undergo major expansion, adding hostel and academic infrastructure. Over the past decade, IIT student intake has doubled, from 65,000 in 2014 to 1.35 lakh today. This expansion reflects India’s commitment to strengthening STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education, ensuring that the country produces more highly skilled engineers and researchers to drive future innovation.

4. Centre of Excellence in AI for Education

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming education worldwide. To leverage this technology, the government is setting up a Centre of Excellence in AI for Education with a dedicated investment of Rs 500 crore. This center will develop AI-driven learning tools to enhance personalized education and support research in AI applications for education and pedagogy. It will also train teachers and students in AI-related fields, preparing them for AI-driven careers. Furthermore, the center will improve accessibility for students with disabilities through AI-powered assistive technologies. By integrating AI into education, India aims to revolutionize learning methodologies, making education more interactive, efficient, and customized to individual student needs.

5. Expansion of Medical Education

The healthcare sector in India is witnessing rapid growth, and to support this, the government is making significant investments in medical education. In the last 10 years, UG and PG medical seats have increased by 130%, reaching 1.1 lakh seats. This year alone, 10,000 additional seats will be added across medical colleges and hospitals. Over the next five years, the government aims to add 75,000 more seats, further strengthening India’s healthcare workforce. This expansion is critical for addressing India’s growing healthcare needs, improving the doctor-to-patient ratio, and ensuring better access to medical services, especially in rural areas.

India’s Evolving Education System

India’s education sector has undergone a remarkable transformation, catering to 24.8 crore students across 14.72 lakh schools, supported by a workforce of 98 lakh teachers. Government schools form the backbone of this system, constituting 69% of the total and enrolling 50% of students. Meanwhile, private schools, which account for 22.5% of institutions, serve 32.6% of students. This expansion reflects the dynamic shifts in India’s education landscape and the continuous improvements in accessibility and enrollment.

Enrollment Trends: Towards Universal Education

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has set an ambitious goal of achieving a 100% Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) by 2030, ensuring that every child has access to education. India has already made significant progress in this regard. The GER at the primary level is close to achieving universal coverage at 93%, reflecting strong foundational education access. However, challenges remain at higher levels, with GER at the secondary level at 77.4% and higher secondary level at 56.2%. Despite these gaps, higher education enrollment has seen a remarkable surge, increasing from 3.42 crore students in 2014-15 to 4.33 crore in 2021-22, marking a 26.5% growth. Additionally, women’s enrollment in higher education has risen by 32%, with notable participation in fields like Medical Science, Social Science, and Arts, indicating greater gender inclusivity in advanced education. This expansion in education access has led to greater social mobility, allowing students from marginalized communities to break the cycle of poverty. It has also contributed to economic empowerment, as a more educated population is better equipped to participate in high-value jobs and entrepreneurship.

Reducing Dropout Rates

One of the critical challenges in achieving universal education is reducing dropout rates, and India has made steady progress in this area. At the secondary level, the dropout rate has significantly decreased from 21% in 2013-14 to 13% in 2021-22. Similarly, at the primary and upper primary levels, dropout rates have declined to 1.9% and 5.2%, respectively. This improvement is attributed to government initiatives, including scholarship programs, school infrastructure development, midday meals, and digital learning initiatives, which have encouraged more students to continue their education. The social impact of reducing dropout rates is profound, as it ensures that more young individuals gain essential knowledge and skills, reducing the likelihood of child labor, early marriages, and social exploitation. With more students staying in school, there is an increase in social awareness, leading to better civic engagement, reduced crime rates, and stronger community participation.

Expansion of Higher Education Institutions

To accommodate the rising demand for higher education, India has undertaken massive expansion in the number of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The medical education sector has witnessed substantial growth, with the number of medical colleges increasing from 499 in FY19 to 780 in FY25, leading to a rise in MBBS seats from 70,012 in FY19 to 1,18,137 in FY25. In the field of technical and management education, IITs have grown from 16 in 2014 to 23 in 2023, while the number of IIMs has increased from 13 in 2014 to 20 in 2023. The overall university count has surged from 723 in 2014 to 1,213 in 2024, reflecting a 59.6% growth. The total number of HEIs has expanded from 51,534 in 2014-15 to 58,643 in 2022-23, demonstrating India’s strong commitment to providing access to higher education for a growing student population. This expansion has bridged the rural-urban educational divide, bringing quality education closer to students in smaller towns and villages. It has also strengthened India’s knowledge economy, producing a highly skilled workforce that can contribute to technological advancements, innovation, and global competitiveness.

Strengthening Education Infrastructure

Infrastructure improvements have played a vital role in enhancing the quality of education across the country. Between 2019-20 and 2023-24, several advancements have been made in school facilities. The percentage of schools with separate girls’ toilets increased from 96.9% to 97.2%, promoting better hygiene and retention of girl students. Access to libraries improved from 84.1% to 89%, ensuring that students have more learning resources. Electricity availability in schools rose from 83.4% to 91.8%, reducing disruptions in teaching and learning. There was also a notable increase in schools with computers, rising from 38.5% to 57.2%, while internet availability jumped from 22.3% to 53.9%, enabling better digital education opportunities. These improvements have had a profound social impact, ensuring inclusive education for all, particularly for students from economically weaker sections. The availability of toilets and electricity has improved girls’ attendance and retention rates, while digital infrastructure has connected rural students with global learning resources, reducing the urban-rural education gap.

A Bold Vision for the Future

India’s education sector has made tremendous progress in increasing enrollment, reducing dropout rates, expanding higher education institutions, and improving infrastructure. With continued efforts under the National Education Policy 2020, the country is moving closer to achieving universal education and ensuring that students receive quality learning opportunities at every level. These reforms are not only helping bridge educational gaps but also transforming society by creating an informed, skilled, and economically empowered population. Education is playing a crucial role in nation-building, fostering innovation, and strengthening India’s global leadership in various fields. By prioritizing inclusive and accessible education, India is ensuring a more equitable and progressive future for all.

The government’s continued focus on education, backed by initiatives aligned with NEP 2020, is shaping India into a global knowledge powerhouse. Programs like Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, PM SHRI (Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India), and PM POSHAN (Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman) are driving improvements in infrastructure, teacher training, and learning outcomes.

The Economic Survey underscores India’s progress in making education more inclusive, accessible, and globally competitive. As the nation marches toward Viksit Bharat, the transformative steps taken in this budget will pave the way for a robust, knowledge-driven economy, ensuring that India’s youth are equipped to lead the world in innovation, research, and development.

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भारत में मिनरल और खनिज संसाधनों की आत्मनिर्भरता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए, माइन एंड मिनरल्स (डेवलपमेंट एंड रेगुलेशन) संशोधन अधिनियम, 2023 (MMDR Act, 2023) के तहत पोटाश और ग्लॉकोनाइट (पोटैशिक खनिज) को महत्वपूर्ण और रणनीतिक खनिजों के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया गया है।

भारत में कृषि क्षेत्र को आत्मनिर्भर बनाने और बाहरी निर्भरता को कम करने के लिए सरकार लगातार नई पहल कर रही है। इसी दिशा में, सीरे से बने पोटेशियम यानि पोटेशियम डेराइव्ड फ्रॉम मोलासेस (PDM) एक महत्वपूर्ण नवाचार के रूप में उभरा है। यह चीनी उद्योग का एक उप-उत्पाद है जिसमें न्यूनतम 14.5% पोटाश होता है और इसे म्यूरेट ऑफ पोटाश (MOP) का एक बेहतर विकल्प माना जा सकता है। PDM के उपयोग से आयातित पोटाश पर निर्भरता कम होगी, जिससे भारत की खाद्य सुरक्षा और आर्थिक स्थिति को मजबूती मिलेगी।

PDM का महत्व और उपयोग

पोटाश फसलों के लिए एक आवश्यक पोषक तत्व है, जो उनकी जड़ की वृद्धि, जल संतुलन और रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता को बढ़ाने में मदद करता है। परंपरागत रूप से, भारत MOP (60% पोटाश युक्त) का बड़े पैमाने पर आयात करता रहा है, जिससे विदेशी मुद्रा पर दबाव पड़ता है।

PDM को 2009 में फर्टिलाइजर कंट्रोल ऑर्डर (FCO) 1985 के तहत अधिसूचित किया गया था। इसके उपयोग को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए, इसे रबी 2022 से न्यूट्रिएंट बेस्ड सब्सिडी (NBS) योजना में शामिल किया गया। सरकार ने 2024-25 के लिए PDM पर ₹345 प्रति टन की सब्सिडी निर्धारित की है, जिससे किसानों को किफायती और प्रभावी उर्वरक मिल सके।

PDM और उसकी सरकारी मान्यता

सरकार ने PDM को फर्टिलाइज़र कंट्रोल ऑर्डर (1985) के तहत वर्ष 2009 में अधिसूचित किया था। इसके उपयोग को बढ़ावा देने के लिए इसे रबी 2022 से न्यूट्रिएंट बेस्ड सब्सिडी स्कीम (NBS) के तहत शामिल किया गया। वित्तीय वर्ष 2024-25 के लिए, सरकार ने PDM पर 345 रुपये प्रति टन की सब्सिडी तय की है। यह कदम किसानों को कम लागत में पोषक तत्व युक्त उर्वरक उपलब्ध कराने में सहायक होगा।

खनिज क्षेत्र में आत्मनिर्भरता की दिशा में सुधार

भारत सरकार ने पोटाश और ग्लॉकोनाइट (पोटेशियम खनिज) को “क्रिटिकल और स्ट्रेटेजिक मिनरल्स” के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया है। माइन एंड मिनरल्स (डेवलपमेंट एंड रेगुलेशन) अमेंडमेंट (MMDR) एक्ट, 2023 के तहत घरेलू उत्पादन बढ़ाने और खनिज आत्मनिर्भरता प्राप्त करने का लक्ष्य रखा गया है।

सरकार ने MMDR एक्ट, 1957 के प्रावधानों के अनुसार महत्वपूर्ण खनिजों की खनन नीलामी प्रक्रिया शुरू की है। 10 दिसंबर 2024 तक, 5 खनिज ब्लॉकों की सफलतापूर्वक नीलामी की जा चुकी है। इससे भारत के उर्वरक क्षेत्र को मजबूती मिलेगी और विदेशी आयात पर निर्भरता कम होगी।

अमोनियम नाइट्रेट पर नए नियम

भारत में रासायनिक क्षेत्र एक विनियमित और नियंत्रित क्षेत्र है। अमोनियम नाइट्रेट के निर्माण, आयात, निर्यात और परिवहन को अमोनियम नाइट्रेट रूल्स, 2012 के तहत नियंत्रित किया जाता है।

बजट 2024-25 में, अमोनियम नाइट्रेट पर बेसिक कस्टम ड्यूटी (BCD) को 7.5% से बढ़ाकर 10% कर दिया गया है। यह निर्णय घरेलू उत्पादन को प्रोत्साहित करेगा और भारतीय निर्माताओं को प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक लाभ देगा।

जैविक खाद को बढ़ावा देने की सरकारी पहल: GOBARdhan योजना

भारत सरकार कृषि क्षेत्र में टिकाऊ और जैविक खेती को बढ़ावा देने के लिए लगातार नई योजनाएँ लागू कर रही है। इसी दिशा में, GOBARdhan (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan) योजना के तहत ऑर्गेनिक फर्टिलाइज़र को बढ़ावा देने के लिए मार्केट डेवलपमेंट असिस्टेंस (MDA) के रूप में 1500 रुपये प्रति टन की सब्सिडी को मंजूरी दी गई है।

GOBARdhan योजना क्या है?

GOBARdhan योजना का उद्देश्य कृषि अपशिष्ट और गोबर से बायोगैस, कम्पोस्ट और अन्य जैविक उत्पाद बनाकर स्वच्छता, ऊर्जा उत्पादन और टिकाऊ कृषि को बढ़ावा देना है। इससे किसानों को कम लागत में प्राकृतिक उर्वरक मिलेगा, जिससे उनकी उत्पादकता बढ़ेगी और रासायनिक उर्वरकों पर निर्भरता कम होगी।

योजना का कार्यान्वयन और सहयोगी मंत्रालय

इस योजना को विभिन्न मंत्रालयों एवं सरकारी कार्यक्रमों के सहयोग से लागू किया जा रहा है:

SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation) योजना – पेट्रोलियम और प्राकृतिक गैस मंत्रालय: इस योजना के तहत संपीड़ित बायोगैस (CBG) के उत्पादन को बढ़ावा दिया जाता है, जिससे जैविक कचरे का उपयोग हरित ऊर्जा स्रोत के रूप में किया जा सके।

वेस्ट टू एनर्जी प्रोग्राम – नवीन और नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा मंत्रालय: यह कार्यक्रम कचरे से ऊर्जा उत्पादन को बढ़ावा देता है, जिससे कृषि और अन्य जैविक अपशिष्टों का कुशल प्रबंधन किया जा सके।

स्वच्छ भारत मिशन (ग्रामीण) – पेयजल और स्वच्छता विभाग: इस मिशन के अंतर्गत गांवों में स्वच्छता और अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन को प्राथमिकता दी जाती है, जिससे गोबर और अन्य जैविक कचरे को उपयोगी संसाधन में बदला जा सके।

आर्थिक प्रावधान और अनुसंधान को प्रोत्साहन

सरकार ने इस योजना के लिए 2023-24 से 2025-26 के बीच कुल 1451.84 करोड़ रुपये का बजट प्रावधान किया है। इसमें से 360 करोड़ रुपये विशेष रूप से अनुसंधान और नवाचार को बढ़ावा देने के लिए रखे गए हैं, ताकि नई तकनीकों को विकसित किया जा सके और जैविक खेती को अधिक प्रभावी बनाया जा सके।

GOBARdhan योजना के लाभ

किसानों को कम लागत में प्राकृतिक खाद उपलब्ध होगी
रासायनिक उर्वरकों पर निर्भरता कम होगी
जैविक कचरे का सही प्रबंधन होगा
स्वच्छता और पर्यावरण संतुलन को बढ़ावा मिलेगा
ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में ऊर्जा उत्पादन और रोजगार के नए अवसर मिलेंगे

जैविक कीटनाशकों को बढ़ावा

भारत में इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ पेस्टिसाइड फॉर्मूलेशन एंड टेक्नोलॉजी (IPFT) ने पर्यावरण के अनुकूल कीटनाशकों और जैविक उत्पादों के विकास पर कार्य किया है।

HIL (India) Ltd. ने UNIDO FARM (Financing Agrochemical Reduction and Management) प्रोजेक्ट के तहत तीन प्रमुख जैविक कीटनाशकों का विकास किया है:

1. Btk (Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki) – कैटरपिलर कीटों पर प्रभावी
2. नीम आधारित कीटनाशक – कई प्रकार के कीटों पर नियंत्रण
3. Trichoderma spp. – मृदा जनित कवकीय रोगों को रोकने में प्रभावी और पौधों की वृद्धि को बढ़ावा देने वाला

पोटेशियम डेराइव्ड फ्रॉम मोलासेस (PDM), जैविक खाद, और जैविक कीटनाशकों का उपयोग भारतीय कृषि क्षेत्र में क्रांतिकारी बदलाव ला सकता है। सरकार द्वारा PDM पर सब्सिडी, घरेलू खनिज उत्पादन को बढ़ावा देने, जैविक कृषि को समर्थन देने, और पर्यावरण हितैषी कीटनाशकों को अपनाने जैसी पहलें कृषि को अधिक आत्मनिर्भर, पर्यावरण-संवेदनशील और किसान-हितैषी बना रही हैं।

इस प्रकार, PDM का उपयोग और सरकार की ये योजनाएँ भारत को “आत्मनिर्भर कृषि” की दिशा में आगे बढ़ाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएंगी।

The post जैविक खाद को बढ़ावा देती GOBARdhan योजना व सीरे से बने PDM से आत्मनिर्भर कृषि की ओर appeared first on VisionViksitBharat.