India’s transformation into a global innovation hub is being driven by a robust increase in research and development (R&D) investments. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India’s Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) has more than doubled in the last decade, rising from ₹60,196 crore in 2013-14 to ₹1,27,381 crore in 2024. This surge in funding is not just a financial milestone; it represents a strategic shift towards a knowledge-driven economy that will define the future of Viksit Bharat.
Building an Innovation Ecosystem
The government’s commitment to fostering a strong innovation ecosystem is evident in initiatives such as the DISHA Program (Developing Innovations, Successful Harnessing, and Adoption), which aims to strengthen India’s knowledge economy and bolster Atmanirbhar Bharat. The program supports faculty members and students in pioneering disruptive technologies across multiple disciplines, ensuring that India remains at the forefront of global innovation.
To further integrate research across domains, the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has been launched. This initiative bridges the gap between science, humanities, and social sciences, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations that will drive India’s research landscape towards greater innovation and practical implementation.
Strategic Focus on Deep-Tech and Emerging Technologies
India’s future economic growth will be defined by homegrown advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), biotechnology, and quantum computing. With AI-driven innovations revolutionizing healthcare, India is already deploying mobile telemedicine units and AI-powered diagnostics to make high-quality healthcare more accessible. However, as Dr. Jitendra Singh emphasized, AI must complement human intelligence rather than replace it. A balanced approach integrating AI with human expertise will ensure sustainable and ethical technological adoption.
In addition, India’s push towards deep-tech research in biotechnology and quantum computing will unlock new frontiers in healthcare, data security, and industrial automation. These advancements will not only make India self-reliant in critical sectors but will also enhance its global competitiveness.
Private Sector Participation and Policy Shifts
A key policy transformation has been the opening up of strategic sectors such as space technology and nuclear research to private players. Previously the domain of government institutions, these sectors are now witnessing rapid advancements through private sector involvement. Startups and industry leaders are contributing to satellite development, launch services, and space-based applications, accelerating India’s presence in the global space economy. Similarly, the government’s decision to involve private enterprises in nuclear energy is a game-changer for energy security and sustainability.
R&D as a Catalyst for Economic Growth
Investment in research and development is not merely an academic or scientific pursuit; it is a critical driver of economic growth. By supporting young innovators and promoting industry-academia collaboration, India is nurturing a pipeline of skilled professionals and entrepreneurs who will shape its technological future. The government’s vision aligns with making India not just a consumer of global technologies but a leading creator and exporter of cutting-edge solutions.
Vision 2047: A Knowledge-Based Economy for Viksit Bharat
As India moves towards its centenary of independence in 2047, its trajectory must be shaped by sustained investments in knowledge creation, research commercialization, and human capital development. The government’s unwavering focus on deep-tech research, skill development, and policy reforms will be instrumental in positioning India as a global innovation powerhouse. With young innovators leading the charge, India’s journey towards Viksit Bharat will be characterized by self-reliance, technological leadership, and inclusive growth.
In conclusion, the doubling of R&D expenditure in the last decade is not just a statistic; it is a testament to India’s determination to build a knowledge-driven economy. By prioritizing research, fostering industry-academia partnerships, and enabling private sector participation, India is laying the foundation for a future that is defined by innovation, resilience, and global leadership.
